508 UR. p. CHALMERS MITCHELL ON LONGEVITY AND 



great longevity and viability, these, moreover, being fairly in pro- 

 portion to size. The records of Phalacrocoracidfe are much lovi^ered 



by the number of European birds, which like most European 

 animals have a very heavy death-rate in captivity. 



HERODIONES. 



ArDEID^. ^0- of -^v. dur. Max. dur. 



Iiidiv. in months. in months. 



Ardea, whole genus ; 90 25 110 



^■1. agami (Agami Heron) ... 1 5 5 



A.alha (Great White „ ) ... 4 7-5 2(5 



A. atricollis (Black-necked „ ) ... 1 24 24 



A. buhidcus (BufF- backed ,,)... 4 50 64 



A. ca7ididissi'ma(^nowj ,,)... 10 20 74 



A. cinerea (Common ,, )... 23 28 115 



A. cocoi (Cocoi ,,)... 4 42 93 



^4. e^reWa (Great American Egret) ... 16 31 100 



A. garzetta (Little ,,)... 4 35 98 



A. goliath (Goliath Heron) 1 35 35 



A. gularis {^\&ty „ ) 7 19 72 



A. herodias (Great American Heron). 1 31 31 



A. novce-hoUandioi (WlaitQ-i-Aced ,, ). 2 13 17 



A. purpurea (Purple ,, ). 9 4-6 10 



A. ralloides (Squacco ,, ). 2 6-5 11 



A. sumatrana (Typhon ,, ). 1 69 69 



Btoforides, whole genus 9 14 53 



£. atricapillus (Blue-capped Bittern) . 2 44'5 53 



B. cyanurus (South American Little 1 12 12 



Bittern). 



B.virescens {Gve.en'Biitem) 6 4 13 



J. rcZeWa ?'??.voZ?tcrf's( Variegated Bittern). 3 23 40 



A . minuta (Little Bittern) 8 6 19 



Nycticorax, whole genus. 64 30 199 



N. Gcdedonicus (Nankeen Night 2 99 107 



Heron). 



N. gardeni (Garden's Night Heron). 6 9 32 



N. griseus (Common ,, ,,).31 37 199 



N. violaceus (Violaceous ,, ,, ). 25 19'5 61 



Cancroma cochlearia (Boat-bill) 9 21 53 



Botaurus lentiginosus (American 18 8 



Bittern). 



B. stellaris (Bittern) 3 23 54 



Tigriosoma hrasiliense (Tiger Bittern). 6 48*5 162 



T. leucolophum (White-crested ,, „ ). 7 20-5 33 



J. H. Gurney (loc. cit, p. 38) gives somewhat doubtful records 

 of 60 and 30 years, and a well authenticated record of 22 years for 

 a Common Heron. A duration of over 16 years for a Night 



Heron is the best on my list. The average and maximum 



