2 MR. R. I. POCOCK ON THE 



cited as Dorcathermm. Also no one seems to have followed Gray 

 in granting geneiic statns to membina (cf. Lydekker, Cat. XJng. 

 Mamm. iv. pp. 261-298, 1915). But in 1916 Thomas (Ann. 

 Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xviii. pp. 72-73) gave subgeneiic rank to 

 viemiuna, adopting for the species the name Moschiola Hodgson, 

 as qnoted by Gray, on the gronnds of the preoccupation of 

 Memina or Memiuna by G. Fischer in 1814. Furthermore he 

 showed, in opposition to Merriam's opinion, that Tragidus is 

 typified by one of the larger spotless Oriental species, and that 

 Ilijemoschus should stand for the West African form, which may 

 be generically distinguished from the now extinct European 

 Dorcatherium. 



In the following pages I adopt Thomas's nomenclature but, 

 for what appear to me to be good and sufficient reasons, I give 

 full generic rank to Moschiola. 



The materials on which this paper is based were fresh examples 

 of the following species: Hyemoschus aquaiicus, Moschiola me- 

 minna, Tragulusjavanicus, T. kanchil, and T. Stanley anus. 



Coloration. — As is well known, Hyemoschus and Moschiola differ 

 from Tragtdas in retaining on the body a distinct pattern of 

 white spots which on the flanks fuse, or tend to fuse, into longi- 

 tudinal stripes and on the croup frequently exhibit a transverse 

 arrangement. The pattern recalls that of the Tragelaphine 

 Pecora ; and in this connection it may be noted that Hyemoschus 

 is white on the front of the pasterns as in typically marked 

 examples of those antelopes. 



There are also some interesting points connected with the pecu- 

 liar pa.ttern of the neck and throat in these primitive Ruminants. 

 In Moschiola there is a continuous white median stidpe of 

 considerable width running from the chin on to the abdomen. 

 From a point a little behind the corner of the mouth this white 

 median stripe gives off on each side a single white latei-al stripe 

 which runs along the side or lower edge of the mandible and 

 ceases approximately on a level with the point of attachment of 

 the posterior edge of the ear. Fi'om its position this may be 

 called the mandihidar stripe. Towards the middle of the throat 

 the median white stripe branches again, giving off on each side 

 a second, or jugidar stripe which passes obliquely backwards for 

 a short distance in the direction of the shoulders, but is much 

 shorter than the mandibular stripe. Thus in Moschiola the 

 mandibular stripe is comparatively long and the jugular stripe 

 shoi-t, and both arise from an uninterrupted median white band 

 traversing the throat from end to end and passing on to the chest, 

 with only a slight extension of pigmented hairs inwards towards 

 the middle line where the throat passes into the chest. 



In Hyemoschus the same general arrangement prevails, but 

 both the mandihidar and jugular stripes are much longer, the 

 former passing beyond the level of the ear well back on to the side 

 of the neck, and the latter reaching almost to the shoulder. 

 Moreover, thei'e is no encroachment of pigmented hairs where 



