210 MISS K. F. LANDER ON THE 



bend ovei", the fcerminations facing each othei\ The shape of the 

 cavity is practically circular in the former animal and oval or 

 kidney-shaped in the latter. (Text-fig. 3 b.) 



The lungs are pyramidal in shape. The left Inng shows no 

 fissures whatever ; the right lung has a well-marked upper lobe, 

 very much smaller than the lower, but the fissure marking this 

 off is incomplete at the upper border. (Text-fig. 3 a.) 



There is a well-developed azygos lobe, measuring 130 x 80 mm. 



The left lung of Ovibos is described as remai'kable among the 

 Ruminants for its simplicity, the upper lobe sitting with a broad 

 base on the lower; the left lung of Budorcas is still more 

 strikingly simple. The right lung is also markedly more simple 

 than iti other Ruminants. 



Alimentary System. 



The paunch consists of the usual two unequal sacs, lined by a 

 mucous membrane presenting flattened, tongue-shaped papillfe, 

 whose maximum length is 15 mm. and breadth 4 mm. These 

 gradually become confluent, presenting a moss-like surface, and 

 run into a reticulum, the cells of which measure about 20 mm. 

 in diameter and are bounded by walls as high as 4 mm. or 5 mm. 

 Secondary and tertiary ridges are also present. 



The paunch is thus very like that of Ovibos and distinctly 

 difi"erent from that of Connochcetes, in which the papillte are 

 conical with blunt ends and there is a sharp dividing line between 

 paunch and reticulum ; the sacs of the paunch also are subequal 

 in size in Connochcetes. 



Sixty-one folds may be coiuited in the psalterium ; many of 

 them are mere ridges ; twenty-one of them form high folds. 

 This is the same number as that named by Lonnberg foi' Ovibos. 



In the abomasum seventeen folds were found, the animal thus 

 agreeing roughly with Bos (14-16) and Antilope cervicapra (19), 

 but having more folds than Ovis or Gapra (13-16) or 

 Gonnochciites (12-13), and fewer than Ovibos. 



The small intestine measures 103 ft. in length, the large gut 

 38 ft., while the caecum measures 2 ft. 3 ins. The colon is of a 

 perfectly simple tubular type, with a uniform muscular coat, no 

 sacculations and no appendices epiploices. 



The small intestine is thus 2*7 times the large in length, a 

 figure exactly corresponding to that given for the Blackbuck, and 

 comparable with that of Ovibos (2-6) and various antelopes (2-3 

 to 2-7). In Ovis and Gapra the small intestine is fully three 

 times as long as the large, and in Gonnochcetes the figure is nearer 

 four, as it is in Bos. 



Unfortunately no observations could be made on the grouping 

 of the intestinal loops. 



The liver is divided into right and left lobes, the former 

 occupying three-fourths of the whole area of the anterior surface. 

 This lobe is squarish in sha.pe, with rounded corners, and is 

 13 inches in breadth, while the oval left lobe measures 3 inches. 



