260 Mil. E. r, ALLlS 0.\ I'HE OTlC llEGlON. 01-' 



facialis directly beneath that vein. The pars ascemleus of the 

 (.j[uadrate, called bj Gaupp the pars inetapterygoideus, lies iu a 

 nearly vertical position, and its dorsal end lies opposite that part 

 of the cranial wall from which, in fishes, tlie postorbital process 

 projects laterally or ventro-laterally. The columella and the 

 annulus tvmpanicus are both connected, by cartilage, with the 

 crista parotica, the columella lying anterior to the ramus hyoman- 

 dibularis facialis and hence corresponding to the anterior articular 

 head of the teleostean hyomandibula. The posterior portion of 

 the hammer-shaped paraquadratum of Gaupp's ('05) latei' descrip- 

 tions, the ossa tympanica of one of his earlier works ('96), lies 

 upon the outer surface of the crista parotica, the anterior portion 

 of this limb projecting anterior!}" as the processus zygomaticus ; 

 this bone thus strongly recalling but probably not representing 

 the' dermal, postfrontal portion of the iiostfr-onto-sphenotic of 

 Folyi^terus. Parker ('71) calls this bone the temporo-mastoid, 

 and says that it " would seem to combine the supra tem^ioral 

 and preopercular of the Ti-iton, or of the 8iluroid or Ganoid 

 Fishes." 



In embryos of Lacerta, the crista parotica is said by Gaupp 

 ('00) to be, as in liana, a ridge which projects ventro-laterally 

 from the most projecting portion of the ridge of the lateral 

 semicircular canal, but this projecting portion of the latter ridge 

 lies in its posterior portion, instead of, as in liana, near its 

 anterior end. On the crista parotica there is said (I.e. p, 451) 

 to be an independent, anteriorly directed process, the summit 

 of which lies internal to, and closely against, the hind edge of 

 the dorsal end of the quadrate. Gaupp calls this little process 

 the processus paroticus, and says that a thin strand of tissue, 

 composed of closely agglomerated cells, extends forward from its 

 summit and is continuous with a sharp ridge which lies dorsal to 

 the columella. This latter ridge is shown, in the figures given, 

 lying dorsal also to the foramen faciale, in a position that suggests 

 a remnant, or primordium, of the lateral wall of the pars gangli- 

 onaris of the trigemino-facialis chamber of fishes, which wall is, 

 otherwise, wanting in this reptile. The thin strand of closely 

 agglomerated cells above referred to, then possibly I'epresents a 

 part of the sphenotic ridge of fishes, and hence also the so-called 

 jjrocessus oticus cj[uadrati of Gaupp's descriptions of liana. 



The processus paroticus oi Lacertaia said by Gaupj) {I. c. ]). 463) 

 to have been primarily independent of the crista j)arotica and 

 continuous with the columella auiis, and only in later stages of 

 development to have become independent of the columella and 

 completely fused with the crista parotica. In embryos of 

 Crocodllus blporcatas, the processus paroticus of Gaupp's descrip- 

 tions is called by Shiino ('14, p. 325) the processus dorsalis of the 

 columella, and it is said by him to never become either detached 

 from the columella or fused either with the crista parotica or the 

 quadrate. In Crocodllus porosus this process is said to fuse with 

 the t[iridrate. The quadrate of Lacerta does not fuse with the 



