OF ORTIIOPTERA IN THE CAUCASUS AND WKSTEIIN ASIA. 457 



4. The Western Anatolian district (A.M.). 



There are known to us from tliis district, little investigated 

 though it is, as many as 103 forms ot^ Orthoptera (7 M -f 37 A + 

 48L + 11 G), which gives evidence that its fauna is a very rich 

 one. As for the composition of this fauna, it may be regarded 

 as the purest expression of tlie Balkano- Anatolian fauna, which 

 has here its original home. 



The most characteristic families of Locustodea for this fnuna 

 are the Decticidse and the Phaneropteridse : here we find 23 species 

 belonging to the first named family, and 19 to the second. 

 Among the Phaneropterida3 the flightless species are 15 in 

 number; 16 species of Decticidse are also flightless. It is not 

 surprising, therefore, that we find many endeniics in this district : 

 13 species are peculiar to it. Among these endemics there are 

 no fewer than 6 species of Poecilimon, all belonging to the group 

 with non-denticulate cerci, which group presents one of the most 

 characteristic features of the Balkano- Anatol inn fauna having 

 its centre of origin a,nd distribution in this and in the neigh- 

 boui-ing Armenian district. One species of Iso2yhya (/. ^xczje^i) is 

 also peculiar to Western Anatolia,. Of Decticida) two species of 

 Flatycleis {P. iruncata and P. schereri), two Olynthoscelis (01. 

 signata and 01. prasina), Drymadusa spectahilis^ and G amijjsocleis 

 recticauda are also Western Anatolian endemics. Considering 

 all these endemics, it is noticeable that their specific features are 

 very well marked and very constant, which gives us the evidence 

 that these species are ancient and iindoubtedly autochthonous 

 forms. Thus Vi^e come to the conclusion that the Locustodean 

 fauna of the Western Anatolia bears some peculiar features and 

 is of great age. The composition of the other sul)orders of this- 

 fauna is of a rather mixed and indeterminate character. 



As for the more recent elements of the Western Anatolian 

 Orthopteran fauna, we may distinguish amongst them the forms 

 of the Steppe fauna {Stenohothrus spp., Stauronoitis hrevlcollis, 

 etc.) which came here through the Balkan peninsula, and, what 

 is more interesting, some species characteristic for the Western 

 Mediterranea,n (Tyrrhenian) province, which are six in number, 

 as follows: Geomantislarvoides, Acroiyhis longij^es, Paracaloptenus 

 caloptenoides^ Platycleis oiigrosignata, Olynthoscelis chabrieri, and 

 Anterastes serbicus. All of them, except Acrotylus longipes, are 

 wingless and doubtless very ancient in their origin; the careful 

 study of their distribution shows that it is discontinuous, which 

 allows us to think that a connection between the Tyrrhenian and 

 Balkano- Ana.toli':\n has been ancient also and ceased long ago. 



The limits of this district are not yet sufliciently known to us. 

 It is certain, however, that the north-western hmit does not 

 coincide with the recent natural limit of the Anatolia — with the 

 Bosphorus and the Sea of Marmora, but it is to be looked for 

 somewhere in the Balkanian peninsula. The Western Anatolian 

 district occupies, conclusively, the more southern part of the last 



