OF ORTHOPTERA IN THE CAUCASUS ANB AYESTERN ASIA. 461 



15 species which do not range into the latter district. Of these 

 15 species no fewer than three or four [Grylhis frontalis, Steno- 

 hothrus macrocerus, Arachnocejihalus vestiius and, perhaps, Doli- 

 chojjoda eitxina) should be I'egarded as not having been for.nd as 

 yet in Western Anatolia owing to the lack of investigations only ; 

 one — -CEdaleus mlokosleioitchi, being a very strong flyer, doubtless 

 came to the Pontian distiict from the east in recent times ; the 

 presence of (Edipoda schochi schochi may be satisfactorily explained 

 by the influence of the neighbouring Armenia ; and, finally, 

 three species are peculiar to the Pontian district — Podisma 

 koenigi (Pontian endemic ranging ako into the adjacent western 

 portion of the Somkheto-Kakhetian district), P. satunini, and 

 Olynthoscelis herheta. The remaining six species are of great 

 interest : three of them are definitely boreal in their origin and 

 inhabit the alpine district of Western Caucasus, from whence 

 they come into the Pontian district ; this descendance of tlie 

 i-epresentatives of alpine fauna to the sea-level is due to the 

 great humidity of the Pontian climate, this fact being very 

 characteristic for the fauna of this district. The last thi-ee species 

 a.re Piecilimon schmidti, Isophya pyrencea, and Olynthoscelis fcdlax 

 — all northern Balkanian in their origin and sylvan in their 

 habitation, which leads us to the conclusion that they come to the 

 Pontian district from the north — through the Crimea. 



Thus, we may consider the Pontian fauna as an impoverished 

 Balkano-Anatolian one, Avith the admixture of peculiar and 

 boreal forms and species of northern Balkanian origin which came 

 here from the north. 



The eastern limit of the Pontian district is formed by the chain 

 of Suram ; the southern boundaiy goes along the Adzharo- 

 Imeretian chain, approaching the Black Sea near Kobulety and 

 turning from here westwards along the chain of Pontus; the 

 western boundai'y is rather obscure and is to be looked for some- 

 where near Trebizond ; the north-eastern boundary coincides with 

 the upper limit of the forests on the Western Caucasus ; and 

 the north-western separating the Pontian district from that of 

 Novorossiisk is indefinite, as we shall see later on. 



8. The Novorossiisk district (N.). 



This district is one of the less investigated ones, the whole 

 number of Orthoptera known from it being 50 (4 M-|-21 A-f 

 18 L-f7G). 



Analysing its fauna we observe the werj close resemblance of 

 it to that of the Soixth Russian steppe fauna and, on the other 

 hand, to that of the Pontian district. This intermediate character 

 of the jSTovorossiisk fauna is to be explained by the geographical 

 position of the Novorossiisk district between the steppe of South 

 Russia and the district of Pontus. The difierences of the 

 Novorossiisk fauna from that of the South Russian steppes are 

 expressed in seven species, three of them being boreal in their 

 origin [Stenohoikrus sccdaris, PsopJms stridulus, and Olynthoscelis 



