508 DR. C. F. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY 



Specimen No. 3 (text-fig. 44 B). — Four vallate papillas are 

 arranged in the form of a Y, and all have well-marked fossse and 

 clear Valiums. I do not consider that the Y-lorm in this case 

 corresponds to that of the Simiidse, but I believe that the papillae 

 of the mesial limb are members of a double-pair put into line 

 with the long axis of the tongue. 



The Fungiform Papillce (text-figs. 43 A and 44 C). — The 

 papillae, which are of small and medium sizes, form a dorsal 

 laounding zone, but the transverse rows extend as far as the apex, 

 thereb}^ eliminating an apical cluster. The rows contain many- 

 papillae. 



On the lateral borders and inferior surface the papillae are 

 small, discrete, and ari-anged in single chains. 



All are glistening and hemispherical, and are closely sur- 

 rounded by shaggy conical papillae. 



The Conical Papilla} (text-figs. 43 A and 44 D) are closely- 

 aggregated and increase in size in the usual manner, but have no 

 definite arrangement on the oral part of the dorsum. They are 

 arranged in chains on the pharyngeal part of the dorsum and on 

 the inferior sui-face. All are filiform, and stand up round the 

 fungiform papillae when the tongue is dried. 



Glands and Lymphoid Tissue. — The base of the tongue is occupied 

 by a large number of nodules, but no orifices of ducts and pits 

 are visible. The nodules, however, are not aggregated together 

 on a crescentic zone in front of the epiglottis. 



The submaxillary and sublingual glands are enormous (text- 

 fig. 43 B), and play the greatest part in the lubrication and 

 softening of the food in the buccal area, 



.The Lateral Organs. — Specimen No. 1 (text-fig. 44 E\ — The 

 laminae and sulci vary greatly in size, and form irregular rows 

 on the lateral borders. The spacing between them is also very 

 variable, for the laminae are closely-packed posteriorly, and discrete 

 anteriorly. Many of the laminae are oval and travei'sed by wide 

 secondary sulci. 



The right organ is 1 cm. long, and has 13 laminae and 14 sulci. 

 'The left organ is '9 cm. long, and has 12 laminae and 13 sulci. 



Specimen No. 2 (text-fig. 44 F). — Both organs consist of long, 

 pointed laminae running upwards and forwards towards the 

 lateral vallate papillfe (l.v.p), which are level with the anterior 

 laminae. The right organ is I'l cm. long, and has 11 laminfe and 



12 sulci. The left organ is I'l cm. long, and has 12 laminae and 



13 sulci. 



Specimen No. 3 (text-fig. 44 G). — The laminae and sulci all 

 run from behind forwards and upwards, and their white colour 

 makes them stand out prominentlj^ against the bluish- black 

 background of the tongue. The anterior lamina? are level with 

 the antero-latei'al vallate papillae, and the posterior lamiuje are 

 level with the antero-mesial vallate papilla. The right organ is 

 1 cm. long, and has 12 laminae and 13 sulci. The left organ is 

 1"1 cm. long, and has 11 laminae and 12 sulci. 



