524 THE AXATOMY OF THE TONGUES OF THE MAMMALIA. 



4. The vallate papillae always form a triangle. 



5. The fungiform papillae always form a dorsal bounding zone. 



6. Scale-like conical papillae, with or without filamentous pro- 

 cesses, are exceedingly common. 



7. The ventral papillary zone is small or absent. 



8. The frenal lamella is usually subdivided at the apex, but 

 undivided lamellae occasionally appear. 



9. The lateral organs are always small. 



10. The lytta, foramen caecum, plicae, fimbriatse, and apical 

 sland of Nuhn are absent. 



Bibliography. 



1. Oarus and Otto. — Erlauterungstafeln zur vergl. Anatomie. 



Heft 4. Leipzig, 1835. 



2. CuviER. — LeQons d'Anatomie comparee. Paris: Crochard et 



Cie., 1835. 



3. Flower, W. H. — Medical Times and Gazette, 1872, vol. i. 



pp. 507-509 ; and Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 331. 



4. Mayer, F. J. 0. — See Bibliography to paper No. 8. 



5. Munch. — See Bibliography to paper No. 8. 



6. Owen, R. — The Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrata, 



vol. iii. p. 199. 



7. PoDWisoTSKY, Y. — " Anat. Untersuch. iiber die Zungendriisen 



des Menschen und der Saugethiere." Diss. Dorpat, 1878. 



8. SoNNTAG, 0. F. — "The Tongues of the Cercopithecidae." 



Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1921, pp. 277-322. 



9. TucKERMAN, F. — Joumal of Anatomy and Physiology, 1892, 



pp. 391-392. 



10. BouLART and Pilliet. — See Bibliography to paper No. 8. 



11. Gegenbaur, 0. — Morphol. Jahrbuch. 1894, pp. 1-18. 



12. PocoCK, R. I.— Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xx. pp. 247-258. 



