Ofc^ THE TUNGUES OF THE MAMMALIA. 753 



presence. It is united to the upper surface of the sublingua in 

 the median part of the latter. The condition resembles that of 

 Ferodicticiis, in which there are lingual and sublingual lyttse. 

 In the latter species both lyttae are internal. The position of the 

 lytta in different pai-ts of the tongue is seen in text-fig. 68 F. 



Family T A r s 1 1 D .E. 



Genus Tarsii:s. 



The Tarsier {T. sjyectrum). 



The classical work of Burmeister (2) and the subsequent 

 papers by Gegenbaur (5) and Pocock (15) have dealt with most 

 points, so the work of any observer is now comparatively limited. 



In the specimen in the Museum of the Royal College of 

 Surgeons the shape of the tongue and the characters of the 

 vallate, fungiform, and conical papil]a3 are similar to those 

 described by Burmeister. That author does not mention that 

 the lateral organs are absent. There is no great contrast between 

 the conical papillte on the oral part of the tongue and those on 

 the base. 



The sublingua is soft and defined from the under surface of 

 the tongue by a groove only ; it is tlie most adherent sublingua 

 among the Prosimia?. The median ventral rod does not termi- 

 nate in a knob as in Pocock's specimen, but its free anterior 

 extremity is i-ounded (text-fig. 69), and is slightly turned 

 downwards as in Chiromys; as the specimen was preserved, I 

 am unable to say whether this curving of the ridge was produced 

 by the alcohol. 



The frenal lamelliB are two conical tapering processes, and 

 difier from the conditions recorded by Burmeister and Pocock. 



Simimary and Conclusions. 



1. The tongues of the species of Lemur resemble those of the 

 Chimpanzee and Gibbons in the Y-formation of their vallate 

 papillfe, their convex lateral organs, and the contrast between 

 the large conical papilla; on the pharj-ngeal j)art of the tongue 

 and small ones on the oral part. They difier from the tongues 

 of Man and the Orang-Outan in that the latter have no large 

 conical papillae on the base of the tongue, and their vallate 

 papillse form a V. They difier from the tongues of the Gorilla 

 and Orang-Outan, whose lateral organs form ladder-like patterns 

 on the dorsum of the tongue. 



2. The tongue of JUicrocebns difiers in the essential features 

 from those of the species of Lemur, and resembles those of the 

 Lorises, Galagos, and Pottos. 



3. The tongues of the Lorisidae and Galagid?e diff"er from those 

 of Lemur in so many features that they are important fo.r 

 purposes of clas.sification. i^dding them to other characters 



