766 DR. C, F. S0NNTA6 ON THE COMPAEATIVE ANATOMY 



genus possessing large glandular orifices on the base of tlie tongue. 

 Calliceb'iis has many nodules and few orifices on the base, but 

 Cacajao has neitiier. 



The Hapalidaj always have a vallate triangle and a, few 

 irregular laminse and sulci in their lateral organs. The pha- 

 lyngeal part of the tongue occupies a relatively small part of the 

 whole, and the ventral papillary zone is small or absent. The 

 conical papillae are regularly arranged and the apical cluster of 

 fungiform papilhe is small. The lingual characters are not 

 sufficiently distinctive to classify the genera. 



The Lemuroidea and Tarsioidea differ from the Simise in the 

 possession of a sublingua whose size, consistence, mobility, 

 denticles, and minute structure vary in different families. 



In the Tarsioidea the sublingua is soft, small, devoid of 

 denticles, and only delimited at the sides from the under surface 

 of the tongue by a narrow groove. There are no lateral organs, 

 no large conical papillfe, and few apical fungiform papillae. 



In the Lemuroidea the sublingua is large, horny, denticulated, 

 and is more or less movaible. 



In Lemur and Ilapalemur the sublingua is triangular or lyrate, 

 very free, and has three ventral crests. No lytta is present. 

 The vallate papilhe form a Y, and the conical papillae on the base 

 are disproportionately laige. The lateral organs are convex 

 towards the latei-al A'allate papillae. 



In Chiromys the sublingua is tongue-shaped, adherent by its 

 central pai'fcs, has one ventral crest which is keel-like and 

 nodulated. It has a lytta inside the tongue. Vallate papillae 

 form a pair oi- triangle, but never a Y. Conical papilhe on base 

 of tongue large. No lateral organs. 



In Microcebtcs, the Lorisidas and Galagidae the sublingua is a 

 flat plate with one median ventral crest and a variable dorsal 

 crest. It varies in mobility, consistence, and denticles, and the 

 value of these chai-acters has already been described (page 763). 

 The vallate papilhe form a triangle, but never a Y, the conical 

 papillae on the base of the tongue are not disproportionately laige, 

 and lateral organs ai'e absent. 



The special points arising from these notes on classification 

 are : — 



1. The tongue of Simia satyrus resembles that of Homo. 



2. Simla satyrus and Gorilla gorilla differ from all otlier 

 Simiidae in the characters of the lateral organs, but there the 

 resemblance between these two species stops. 



3. The tongue of Hylohates difiers from that of Anthrojjopi- 

 thecus troglodytes in having no plicae. 



4. The separation of Symphatangus from Hylohaies. 



5. The great value of the latei'al organs for purposes of 

 classification. 



6. The value of the lingual glands for distinguishing between 

 the genera of the Cercopithecidae. 



