854 DR. C. F. SOXNTAG ON THE VISCERAL ANATOMY 



My own observations on Dendrolagus ii7'sinus confirm those of 

 Cavlsson. 



The stylo-hyoid ligaments are most prominent in Phascolarctos 

 cineretis. 



I was unable to detect any condition foreshadowing the sterno- 

 maxillai'es of the Edentata in the insectivorous Peramelidse. 



The Mouth. 



The h"ps are fleshy in all Marsupials, and the upper one is cleft 

 to a variable depth in the Macropodidaj, but entire in all Poly- 

 protodonts. An incipient cleft is present in Ccenolestes ohscarus. 

 They are relatively thicker and always entire in the new-born 

 animal. They bear numerous hard, rounded, or pointed tubercles 

 in many species ; in the Didelphyidfe they are absent in 

 Metachirus opossimi, Philander laniger, Marmosa elegans, and 

 Didd'phys onarsupialis, but they are situated close to the angles 

 of the mouth in Didelphys azane. In Dasyurus viverrinus they 

 are situated at the level of the canine teeth. They are close to 

 the angles of the mouth in Dendrolagus, Pseudochirus, and 

 Trichosiirus. The largest tubercles observed by me were in 

 Dendrolagus tirsinus. They are never so numerous as the 

 papilhe in the Felidse. In some forms the lips have callous pads. 



Both labial frenums are present in all genera except 

 Dendrolagus and Pseudochirus, wiiich have only the upper one. 

 In the young animal it passes between the incisor teeth to be 

 attached to the anterior end of the incisive palatal pad, but it is 

 fixed to the gum in the adult. In a young ^Epyjvy^nmis rufescens 

 it is continuous with the median crest, running back on the 

 anterior end of the palate. The lower lip is united to the sides 

 of the gums by comb-like crests in Dendrolagus and Pseudochirus, 

 and these form shaggy pads in the vestibule (text-fig. TOE, a). 



Labial labrets are present in Phascolomys and Ccenolestes. 

 Owen (10) j)ointed out that the labial glands are well developed 

 in Dasyurus, but I did not observe orifices in D. viverrinus. 



The mucosa lining the vestibule is smooth in all Didelphyidaj, 

 Sarcophilus harrisi, Trichosurits vulpecula. and Petaurus sciureus. 

 It is covered with innumerable closely -set, rounded papillae of 

 moderate size in Dasyurvs viverrimis s.nd Phascolarctos cinej-eus, 

 but these are not arranged in rows like the papillae of the Ungu- 

 lata. In many Marsupials it is traversed by I'idges of various 

 kinds, which, in some cases, if not in all, are modified and fused 

 papilla". They aie thick and entiie in Perameles ohesida and 

 Petaurus breincejjs papuanus, and the spaces between them 

 probably serve as traps for insects in the former. Their free 

 borders are nodulated in the latter. They are thin and comb- 

 like in Macropus, ^Epyprymntis Pseudochirtis, and Dendrolagus 

 (text-fig. 70 D, Z> & E, 5) ; and their function may be to keep the 

 spaces between the teeth clear of food particles, for they fit into 

 them. 



