March 9, 1883.] 



SCIENCJE. 



133 



HirschfeHt, F'ester, and Piichsteiii, who are 

 aided by funds from Berlin, and Clarke, of our 

 own Assos expedition ; and parties from Vienna 

 and from England will probably soon take the 

 field, the latter under Coiider to be fitted out by 

 the British association for a survey of eastern 

 Palestine. S. Langer, a j'oang German, who 

 had for some time been studying Arabic in 

 preparation for an inland journey, was killed 

 in southern Arabia last June. 



Colquhoun and Wahab have safely finished a 

 journey across countrj- from Canton to Ran- 

 goon, where they arrived last July ; the latter 

 unhappily di(3d on his way to England. The 

 French are sending many parties into Indo- 

 China, a field that few other nations attempt ; 

 Garanger has gone to upper Burma ; Villeroi 

 d'Augis has returned from Tonquin, but his 

 companion, Courtin, died in the interior ; Har- 

 mand has entered Siam;^Neis, Ajanonnier, 

 Septans and Mondon, and Gautier, have gone 

 to Cambodia and Cochin China, the latter ex- 

 pecting to make an extended journej'. C. 

 Bock, known for his travels in Borneo, re- 

 turned to Bangkok from a trip in upper Siam 

 last June. Riebeck had a successful ethnolo- 

 gical tour in northern India, and has gone to 

 Batavia ; he will return to Europe by waj^ of 

 this countrjr. 



Africa receives the lion's share of modern 

 exploration, and largely with a view to com- 

 mercial advantage. The French continue their 

 energetic work in Senegambia. Col. Berguis- 

 Desbordes, who was last year iu command of 

 a French government party on the upper Sene- 

 gal, is to return with a strong force to the 

 countrj' between the Senegal and the Niger. 

 A large railway corps under Jacquier will follow 

 him. Dr. Bayol left Bordeaux last October 

 for the Futa-Djallon highlands, and Caquereau 

 was recently' preparing a scientific and com- 

 mercial expedition for the same region. Capt. 

 Burton and commander Cameron returned last 

 summer from the Gold Coast, where thej' had 

 been to look into the chances of mining. A 

 Russian expedition under Rogozinski, and an 

 Italian utider Bianchi and Licata, have been 

 planned to enter the countrj* at the Bight of 

 Biafra. The latter will be absent several 

 years, intending to cross the continent, passing 

 through the unknown region between the Kon- 

 go, the Benue, and Lake Tchad, and linallj^ 

 reaching Abyssinia. No full report has yet 

 been made on a similar long journey, but in 

 the opposite direction, by Matteucci and Mas- 

 sari, on the return from which the former un- 

 fortunately died in London, August, 1881. 

 Savorguan de Brazza and Stanley have re- 



turned from their expeditions on the lower 

 Kongo ; Brazza reaching Europe last June, 

 and Stanlej- in October. They have unhappily 

 come back with little good-will for each other ; 

 and it would seem from the reports of their 

 journej's, so far as yet published, that Brazza 

 has been over-ambitious in his designs. Both 

 are to return for further exploration. In ad- 

 dition to the trading-stations planted on the 

 lower Kongo, several missions have estab- 

 lished themselves there, and will probably 

 contribute to our knowledge of the geographj' 

 of the region. Bentley, Comber, and Grenfell, 

 of the Baptist missionary society, have reached 

 Manyangaand Stanley Pool ; Clarke, Richards, 

 Ingham, and Sims, of the Livingston (Kongo) 

 mission, are established at Stanlej' Pool, and 

 have two small steamboats for journej's up the 

 river ; L. Petit, a naturalist who has been 

 along the Loango coast, is going up the Kongo ; 

 and Cambier, of the International African 

 association, left Zanzibar last May, with two 

 hundred men, for the Kongo via the Cape. 



From the Egyptian Sudan, Emin-Bey and 

 Lupton - Bej' report on their explorations. 

 Among the Italian explorers are Cecchi, lately 

 returned from southern Abj'ssinia ; Count An- 

 tonelli, who was to begin his work at the Ital- 

 ian colonj^ Assab, on the Red Sea ; P. Sacconi, 

 to establish a trading-station at Harar, south- 

 west of the head of the Gulf of Aden ; and 

 Capt. Casati, whom Dr. Junker has met on 

 the Uelle. The latter is still in this little-known 

 region, attempting to solve the problem of its 

 drainage. The German African association 

 at present has several exploring parties at 

 work : Flegel, aiming at Adamaua, with hope of 

 reaching the unknown country' beyond between 

 the Benue, Shari, and Kongo ; Pogge and 

 Wissmann, who entered from the west coast, 

 and reached the upper waters of the Kongo, 

 where they parted, — Pogge to return west- 

 ward, and Wissmann to go on eastward to 

 Zanzibar, where he safely arrived last Novem- 

 ber ; and Stecker, who had been with Rohlfs 

 in Abj'ssinia about Lake Tana, and who then 

 attempted to go southward through the Galla 

 lands to the coast. There is also a German 

 expedition under Bohm, Kaiser, and Reichard, 

 at Kakoma in Ugunda, and a Belgian station 

 at Karema, where Storms has gone to relieve 

 Becker ; Dr. G. A. Fischer was to enter east- 

 ern Africa from Pangani last November, with 

 an expedition fitted out by the Hamburg geo- 

 graphical society ; he hopes to reach Victoria 

 Nyanza, and then turn northward. The appi'O- 

 priation of 100,000 marks by the German 

 Reichstag for African exploration is recently 



