Apbil 27, 1883.] 



SCIENCE. 



347 



The anthropologist will always find useful informa- 

 tion under the words bibliography, anatomy, physi- 

 ology of the brain and nervous system, biology, 

 abnormalities, anthropology, and crauiology. The 

 second-named publication appears in quarto vol- 

 umes, in which every subject upon which any thing 

 contained in the surgeon-general's library has been 

 written is catalogued with conscientious minuteness, 

 and with reference to the ready convenience of the 

 student. Three volumes have already appeared. — 

 o. T. M. [744 



{Old world,) 



Anthropology of Caffraria. — The anthropo- 

 logical documents collected in Caffraria by M. Dele- 

 gorgue in the years 1838-44 are made the text of a 

 paper by M. Hamy. He begins with a resume of the 

 writings upon Caffraria prior to the travels of M. Dele- 

 gorgue, commencing with the 25th of December, 1497, 

 when Vasco da Gama named the country of Natal 

 from the Nativity. To those making a study of the 

 tribes so prominent for their bravery in the face of 

 British soldiers, this chapter will be eminently use- 

 ful. The documents for which we are indebted to 

 M. Delegorgue relate especially to the Amazulus, 

 although other members of the !Bantu group and the 

 Bushmen are not overlooked. In the third chapter 

 of his monograph M. Hamy brings together what is 

 known concerning the craniology of the Caffir tribes^ 

 with a table of measurements. — {Nouv. arch. mus. 

 hist. nat. Paris, 1881.) J. w. p. [745 



Corea. — Mr. William Elliot GrifBs is the author 

 of a work upon ' Corea, the hermit nation,' just pub- 

 lished by Charles Scribner's Sons. The author made 

 good use of his opportunities, w^hile connected with 

 the imperial university of Tokio, to collect all that 

 could be ascertained concerning the exclusive penin- 

 sula. Mr. Gritfis makes it very clear that Japan re- 

 ceived its first impulses to art and civilization through 

 Corea. Around this favored spot have conteuded a 

 thousand influences for the mastery, — Mongolians, 

 Cossacks, Japanese; Buddhism, Confucianism, an- 

 cestral worship, and Cliristianity ; exclusivism and 

 liberalism. From these bloody conflicts the people 

 have suffered untold miseries, and have been kept 

 back in the progressive march of civilization. A 

 great deal of the space in the volume is devoted to 

 the sociology of the Coreans, a subject in which 

 anthropologists will be especially interested. The 

 unsuccessful endeavors to effect commercial treaties 

 with the Coreans are narrated at length, as well as 

 those which met with a more favorable reception in 

 1882. — J. w. p. [746 



Craniology of the Mongoloids. — Dr. Frederik 

 Carel ten Kate, jun., made the craniology of the Mon- 

 goloids the subject of an inaugural dissertation at 

 Heidelberg, and L. Schumacher of Berlin has pub- 

 lished his researches in a pamphlet of fifty-eight 

 pages. Several pages are devoted to a minute bibli- 

 ography of the subject, which makes the paper all 

 the more valuable. Fifty-three crania are minutely 

 measured and described, as follows: Chinese, 10; 

 mixed Chinese, 7; Japanese, .5; Berings people, 

 4; Yukagir, 1; Tunguses, 5; Bureats, 5; Calmuks, 

 5; Tatars, 4; Yakut, 1; Baschkirs, ^; Lapps, 4. — 

 J. W. p. [747 



(STew world.) 



Peruvian stone-quarrying. — A short paper by 

 Boussingault contains some information with regard 

 to the ancient working of stone in Peru, which is of 

 general interest. An old quarry exists in the envi- 

 rons of Quito. In the trachyte and among the refuse 

 was found a chisel which had evidently been used in 

 quarrying. Its surface was scratched and worn, its 



edge indented, and its head bruised by the blows of 

 the hammer. Its specific gravity was 8.83, or a little 

 more than that of melted copper. A chemical analy- 

 sis made by Damour showed that it was composed of 

 95 % of copper, 4* % of tin, .2 % of lead, .3 % of iron, 

 and traces of silver. 



This bronze was not sensibly harder than common 

 copper; and Boussingault suggests that it was owing 

 to the rock possessing less hardness through its 

 ' quarry water,' that it could be worked by such in- 

 struments. By the same cause he endeavors to 

 explain the preparation of the granite monuments 

 observed in Peru by La Condamine, adding thereto 

 the skill and dexterity which the Indian i-ace pos- 

 sessed in the use of their bronze tools. Boussin- 

 gault' s conclusions will probably be questioned by 

 many until the strongest proof is given of their cor- 

 rectness. 



He calls attention to the fact, that a chisel found 

 in a silver-mine near Cuzco, and carried to Europe 

 by Humboldt, gave, by Vauquelin's analysis, 94 % of 

 copper and 6 % of tin. — {Comptes rendus, xcvi. 545.) 

 M. E. w. [748 



Chili. — The rwnes printing-house of Philadelphia 

 has published a pamphlet of forty-eight pages upon 

 Chili. Some information is conveyed concerning the 

 forty thousand Indians within her borders. From 

 the alliance of the Spaniards with the Araucanians, 

 known under thirty or forty tribal names, from the 

 Changes of Atacama to the Cuicos of Osorno, have 

 come two million inhabitants, known severally as 

 huasos (horsemen) and rotos (ragpickers). There are 

 about forty thousand indigenes remote from civiliza- 

 tion. The Araucanians proper are divided into three 

 tribes, — Pehuenches, in the pine-groves (pehuen) of 

 the Andes; Llanistas, in the plains (llanos); and the 

 Costinos, in the Cordilleras of the coast. A brief 

 history of the founding of Chili is given, commen- 

 cing with the famous quarrel between Don Diego de 

 Almagro and Don Francisco Pizarro. — J. w. p. [749 



Errors in 'Waldeck's dra-wings. — Professor Cy- 

 rus Thomas, who has studied the Palenque tablet of 

 the cross with considerable care, expresses the opinion, 

 that the drawing of the inscription on the left slab as 

 given in the plates of Waldeck's ' Palenque et autres 

 mines,' edited by Brasseur de Bourbourg, is almost 

 wholly copied from Catherwood's drawing as pub- 

 lished in Stephens's Central America. 



He bases this opinion upon the demonstrable fact, 

 that a number of errors which can be pointed out in 

 Catherwood's drawing are all faithfully coi)ied in the 

 AValdeck plate. 



This applies only to the six columns of the left in- 

 scription, and not to the I'est of the plate, which he 

 thinks is more correctly rendered by Waldeck, except 

 as to the human figures, than is Catherwood's drawing. 



Is this opinion correct ? If so, is the original of 

 Waldeck's drawing yet in existence ? These are 

 questions we should be glad to have the French arch- 

 eologist answer. Prof. Thomas is no\v preparing a 

 paper for the Bureau of ethnology in which he will 

 give more fully his reasons for this opinion. — J. w. P. 



[750 



Indian music. — In every collection of American 

 antiquities will be found gourd rattles, strings of 

 shells, bones, hoofs, and seed-pods, drums, whistles 

 of clay, wood, and bone, and frequently a stringed 

 instrument, or a pan-pipe. These, "for the most 

 part, are capable of nothing but inexplicable dumb 

 shows and noise." Mr. E. A. Barber, however, has 

 given the subject some attention, and has discovered 

 instruments capable of a rude scale, from which the 



