534 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. I., No. 19. 



especially between the 65 and 150 fathom lines. 

 Probably this warm belt finally narrows out 

 and disappears from the bottom before reach- 

 ing the coast of Nova Scotia. We have 

 hitherto obtained no evidence of snch a belt 

 off that coast from temperature observations 

 and the character of the fauna ; therefore it 

 is probable that the cold water of the greater 

 depths there mingles directly' with that of the 

 in-shore plateau. Southward, the warm belt 

 continues to the Straits of Florida, and beyond, 

 the depth of the water characterized by iden- 

 tical temperatures gradually increasing as we 

 go south. At Cape Hatteras this belt be- 

 comes very narrow, owing to the abrupt- 

 ness of the slope, and approaches much 

 nearer to the shore ; but off the Carolina 

 coasts it spreads out over a wide area, which 

 is inhabited bj^ a rich fauna, similar to that 

 investigated by us off Martha's Vinej^ard. ■ 

 Many of the species are already known to be 

 identical. 



In the following summary table are shown 

 the usual range of variation, and the approxi- 

 mate average temperature at the bottom, in 

 the more characteristic zones of depth, beyond 

 20 fathoms, in summer : — 



Bottom temperatures. 



[From this table, and from the diagrams (2 and 3), 

 a few of the published temperature observations, 

 which were abnormally high, have been excluded, 

 because they were probably erroneous, owing to a 

 displacement of the index, or some other accident. | 



A singular feature of the serial temperatures 

 taken at many stations is illustrated bj' 

 diagrams 3 and 4. In twentj^-nine localities 

 out of thirty-six, where sufficiently full series 

 of temperatures were taken, the temperature 

 was lower at 20 to 30 fathoms than at 50 f;xth- 

 oms. Usually the temperature falls prettj' 

 regularly from 5 to 30 fathoms ; it then rises 

 often three or four degrees, and sometimes eight 



to ten degrees, at 50 fathoms, falling again 

 at 100 fathoms; but the temperature at 100 

 fathoms was often higher than at 30 fathoms. 

 In some cases, as shown in diagram 4, the 

 temperature was lower (45° F.) at 30 fathoms 

 than even at the bottom in 200 to 250 fathoms. 

 There is often, therefore, a stratum of colder 

 water, 20 to 40 fathoms beneath the surface, 

 overlj'ing the warmer Gulf Stream water, situ- 

 ated between 50 and 100 fathoms, below the 

 surface in this region. This stratum of cold 

 water maj^ be a lateral extension of the cold 

 water of the in-shore plateau, situated at simi- 

 lar depths. Perhaps the greater density of 

 the Gulf Stream water, due to evaporation, 

 may so nearly' balance the increase in densitj' 

 due to lower temperature as to make this a 

 phenomenon of constant occurrence at these 

 depths. 



It happened not infrequently- that the sur- 

 face temperature, early in the morning, when 

 we usually began dredging, was one or two 

 degrees lower than that at 5 fathoms, but, dur- 

 ing the middle of the daj', the surface water 

 was generallj' slightlj^ warmer than that at 5 

 fathoms. These changes are illustrated bj' 

 some of the lines on diagrams 3 and 4. 



[ To be continued. "[ 



TRANSFERRED IMPRESSIONS AND 

 VISUAL EXALTATION. 



There has recentlj' appeared in the Fort- 

 nightly review an article by Messrs. Edmund 

 Gurney and F. W. M. Mj-ers, regarding the 

 subject of what is popularlj- known as clair- 

 voyance. By these authors it is termed 

 'transferred impression.' The gentlemen in 

 question, working under the auspices of the 

 Societjr for plij'sieal research, have, as they 

 claim, collected an enormous amount of evi- 

 dence, all tending to prove that the mind can, 

 under certain conditions, receive impressions 

 through other agencies than the senses. The 

 mental conditions under which this power is 

 developed are generallj' abnormal, either as 

 regards the Percipient or the person per- 

 ceived, who is called the Agent. The cases 

 are classified in accordance with this condition. 

 I append here a specimen of the stories which 

 these gentlemen attest as true. 



"A mesmerist, well known to us, was re- 

 quested bj' a lad^' to mesmerize her, in order 

 to enable her to visit in spirit certain places 

 of which he himself bad no knowledge. He 

 failed to produce this effect, but found that 

 he could lead her to describe places unknown 

 to her, but familiar to him. Thus, on one 



