456 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XII. No. 399. 



samples of finished beer taken from 1223 

 publicans were analyzed, and 319 or 13 per 

 cent, of the samples were found to have been 

 diluted with water or otherwise adulterated. 

 Ninety-five samples of tobacco taken from 

 manufacturers and dealers were analyzed for 

 adulteration generally, and 20 of them were 

 found to be adulterated with liquorice or glyc- 

 erine. All the adulterated samples were appar- 

 ently either smuggled cake cavendish or cut 

 tobacco, which bore no label to show it had 

 paid the proper rate of duty. While in 1841, 

 when the population was 26,700,000, the quan- 

 tity of tobacco cleared for consumption was 

 23,096,281 lb., or 13J oz. per head of the popu- 

 lation, the quantity in 1900, with a population 

 of 40,835,000, was 80,955,037 lb., or lib. 15| 

 oz., per head. In the ' other Government De- 

 partment's' branch the number of samples ex- 

 amined in connection with the Board of Agri- 

 culture had increased from 1600 in the year 

 ended March 31, 1899, to 1745 during the last 

 year. The increase was due partly to the new 

 Food and Drugs Act. One thousand three hun- 

 dred and ninety-three samples of imported 

 butter were examined. Only six samples gave 

 distinctly abnormal results. A large number of 

 butters contained boric preservative and were 

 artificially colored. As usual, it was found that 

 the use of boric acid is most prevalent in France, 

 Belgium, and Australia, and is very common also 

 in Holland. The most frequent coloring-matter 

 is annatto, but the useof coal-tar yellows appears 

 to be on the increase, and is especially prevalent 

 in Holland, the United States and Australia. 

 One hundred and thirty-two samples of im- 

 ported margarine were analyzed. The bulk of 

 the margarine imported comes from Holland, 

 and it is usually made with cottonseed oil, con- 

 tains boric preservative, and is artificially col- 

 ored with a coal-tar yellow. In all 1745 sam- 

 ples of butters, margarines, cheese, etc., were 

 examined. 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NEWS. 



Mk. Samuel Mather, of Cleveland, has of- 

 fered to give Kenyon College at Gambler, Ohio, 

 $10,000 for every $15,000 secured from other 

 sources. This has resulted in a gift of $15,000 

 from Mr. J. P. Stevens for a library fund. 



With the opening of the scholastic year this 

 month the Christian Brothers in their colleges 

 in the United States enter upon the new order 

 prescribed for them by their superiors in France, 

 who have decided that hereafter modern lan- 

 guages shall replace the classics. Manhattan 

 College, New York, and others of the best 

 Catholic Colleges giving the B.A. degree must 

 follow these directions, though it is said that 

 they may cause a division in the Order. 



The Congress of British Chambers of Paris' 

 which met at Paris this month adopted the fol- 

 lowing resolution : ' ' That this meeting en- 

 dorses the following resolution, which was 

 adopted at the Congress of Chambers of Com- 

 merce of the Empire in June, 1900 : ' That it 

 is most desirable to take steps to urge the ex- 

 tension of technical and commercial education 

 throughout the Empire, and that wherever pos- 

 sible this education should be placed under 

 efficient public control ; and that this Congress 

 is of opinion that the utmost effort should be 

 made throughout the Empire to encourage and 

 furnish facilities for commercial education as a 

 branch of technical and scientific study, and 

 that the Home and Colonial Governments be 

 moved to give aid thereto and ample powers of 

 contribution out of local resources ; and, fur- 

 ther, it is very desirable that Chambers of Com- 

 merce should be represented on Boards of Edu- 

 cation in order to advance the interests of 

 commercial education.' " 



Dr. Oustalbt, assistant in the Paris Natural 

 History Museum, has been made professor of 

 zoology (mammals and birds) in the Museum in 

 succession to the late M. Milne-Edwards. 



Professor Craig of the Ames Agricultural 

 College and formerly horticulturist of the 

 Dominion Experiment Farm at Ottawa has 

 been called to Cornell University for work in 

 horticulture. 



Professor Wendell Paddock of the Geneva 

 Experiment Station has been elected professor 

 of horticulture in the Colorado Agricultural 

 College. 



Professor Percy J. Parrot of the Kansas 

 Agricultural College has been appointed ento- 

 mologist at the Geneva Experiment Station. 



