492 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XII. No. 300. 



off capital, etc. One item of $60,000 consists 

 of payments made to the general revenue fund 

 of the city, which is in lieu of the amount 

 which the city would receive in taxes, it is pre- 

 sumed, were the system operated hy a private 

 company. The balance goes into the reserve 

 fund. There are 3400 persons employed, includ- 

 ing 100 clerks. The general manager receives 

 16800 ; the chief engineer, $2400 ; the elec- 

 trical engineer, $2000 ; and the mechanical 

 engineer, who has charge of the powerstation, 

 $1216. Point boys receive 28 cents per day ; 

 trace boys, from 40 to 52 cents per day ; car 

 cleaners, from 88 cents to $1 per day ; drivers, 

 conductors, and motormen, from $1 to $1.12 

 per day. These rates apply to Sundays and 

 week days alike. The rolling stock consists of 

 384 horse cars, 132 electric cars (47 only of 

 which are now running), 17 omnibuses, 39 

 lorries, and numerous carts, wagons, and vans. 

 There are 4411 horses. Work is now progress- 

 ing, with the object of changing the entire 

 system to electric traction, which it is hoped to 

 have completed within the next eighteen 

 months. No underground conduits will be 

 used, according to the present plans. Fares 

 range from 1 cent for first half mile to 2 cents 

 for a mile ; the longest ride is 6 miles, costing 6 

 cents. No transfers are issued and tickets are 

 not used. The committee of the town council 

 having supervision of the tramways receives no 

 compensation. For that matter, however, no 

 member of the city government of Glasgow, in- 

 including lord provost, town councilors, and 

 bailies (police judges), receives compensation. 

 The city of Glasgow has a population of about 

 850,000, and spreads over an area of nearly 

 12,000 acres. There are no electric or other 

 tramways extending out of Glasgow to other 

 towns or cities. Within the city is an under- 

 ground cable road which makes a circuit of 

 about five miles, and is owned and operated by 

 a private company. The rate of fares on this 

 road is about the same as that prevailing on the 

 surface roads. 



SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS. 

 Dr. N. L. Britton, director-in-chief of the 

 New York Botanical Garden, has been given 

 leave of absence and is in attendance at the In- 



ternational Congress of Botany in Paris, in 

 which assembly he represents the Garden, and 

 is also an official delegate of the United States. 

 He will visit many of the museums of France 

 and England before he returns. The Board of 

 Managers have designated Dr. D. T. Mac- 

 Dougal as acting director-in-chief of the New 

 York Botanical Garden in Dr. Britten's ab- 

 sence. 



Dr. B. T. Galloway, chief of the Division 

 of Vegetable Pathology and Plant Physiology, 

 has been placed in charge of the grounds of the 

 U. S. Department of Agriculture. 



Dr. Timbrell Bulstrode, one of the mem- 

 bers of the Food Preservatives Committee, and 

 Mr. Charles J. Huddart, the secretary, have, 

 during the past month, visited Amsterdam, 

 Hamburg and various places in Denmark for 

 the purposes of studying the dairying industry 

 and the methods of transport of dairy produce, 

 with special reference to the milk and butter 

 supplies in Holland, Germany and Denmark, 

 and the butter export trade, iu relation to the 

 use or non-use of chemical preservatives. 



Thk Duke of Abruzzi has been entertained 

 by the Geographical Society of Christiania, 

 the address of welcome being made by Pro- 

 fessor Reusch. He has proceeded to Italy. 



The Danish scientific expedition for the ex- 

 ploration of East Greenland, under Lieutenant 

 Amdrup, has reached the shore. The Swedish 

 KolthofF expedition near Sabine Island found a 

 mast with a Danish flag and a communication 

 from Lieutenant Amdrup to Captain Sverdrup. 



Thomas Davidson, well known as an author 

 of philosophical and educational works and as 

 a lecturer, died at Montreal on September 14th, 

 aged sixty years. Mr. Davidson was born in 

 Scotland, but has been living in the United 

 States for the past twenty-five years. 



Dr. Lewis Albert Sayre, one of the most 

 eminent surgeons of New York City, died on 

 September 21st in his 81st year. He was one 

 of the founders of Bellevue Medical College and 

 was professor there until the college was united 

 with the New York University two years ago. 



There will be a civil service examination on 

 October 23rd and 24th for the position of assist- 



