io6 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XIV. No. 341 



7.30, illustrates small fly-wheel combined with good governing. 

 The fly-wheel unsteadiness is five per cent. Section 3, 7.30 to 

 7.45, illustrates great fly-wheel momentum, governing rather im- 

 perfect. Here the speed decreased one per cent by 7.45. As the 

 decrease was gradual, the probability is that it was caused by the 

 steam being down, and the governing not equal to the occasion. 

 Section 4, 7.45 to 8, illustrates small fly-wheel momentum and im- 

 perfect governing. Here the speed suddenly increased two and 



tions 13 and 14 are another instance of improved running. This 

 engine has been speeded two and a half per cent, and yet never 

 attained the speed it formerly attained during its oscillations. It 

 is now always at its highest speed, combining steady turning with 

 maximum turnout. If an engine is making 60 revolutions, and it 

 proves to be oscillating in steadiness from 59 to 61, it is obvious 

 that it is either running too quickly for good work at 61, or it is 

 losing output when at 59. Sections 15, i6, and 17 are from the 



FIG. 3. — MOSCROP RECORDER RECORD. 



one-half per cent at 7.50. This would appear to be, by its sudden- 

 ness, a change in the load and governing not equal to the occasion. 

 Section 5, S to 8.14, looks like mule-spinning and throttle- valve. 

 Section 6, 8.15 to 8.30, is frequently met. Without doubt, the 

 governing-gear began to stick at 8.18, the speed oscillating twelve 

 per cent till S.25. The oscillations have their ebb and flow in pe- 

 riods of a few seconds, and are the unsuspected cause of bad work. 

 This is a good instance of an engine running its natural speed, yet 



same engine, and are placed here to show vividly the advantage in 

 steadiness of turning of having an engine lightly loaded. Section 

 15 is the record of full load, that is, 450 horse-power ; section 16, 

 the record with a partial load, that is, 350 horse-power; 17, with a 

 small load, that is, 150 horse-power. This engine was fitted with 

 a supplementary governor, recently patented, and it is worthy of 

 note that it preserved its speed (automatic cut-off) [under a change 

 of load from 450 horse-power to 150 horse-power. It was-sub- 



- MOSCROP RECORDER RECORD. 



being all the while dangerously unsteady, subjecting the weak part 

 of the engine and gearing to a severe test. Sections 7 and 8, 8.30 

 to 9, illustrates respectable mediocrity. It is introduced to show 

 that at 8.46 the record stopped through the belt being off. 



As one of the objects in these illustrations is to make the reading 

 of the records intelligible, we will now assume that the engine 

 stopped from 9 to 9.30 for repairs. Sections 9, 10, ii, and 12 are 

 diagrams from the same engine ; 9 is the diagram when the re- 

 corder was first applied ; 10, 1 1, and 12 are stages in the improve- 

 ment in the engine's workings as the faults are remedied. Sec- 



jected to a similar test with a varied pressure, giving equally good 

 results. 



The Ashcroft Manufacturing Company of this city have exclu- 

 sive control of the Moscrop recorder for the United States. 



A NUMBER of Spanish country teachers have gone to Madrid 

 to make known the wretched condition of most of those to whom 

 the education of the rising generation is intrusted, and to urge upon 

 the government the necessity of including the teachers in the civil 

 servants in the pay of the state. 



