236 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XIV. No. 348 



SCIENCE: 



A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER OF ALL THE ARTS AND SCIENCES. 



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 )ur correspondents. 



Vol. XIV. 



NEW YORK, October 4, iS 



No. 348. 



CONTENTS: 



The Proportioe. 



The Origin of Petroleum. 



Open-Air Travel as a Curer and 

 Preventer of Consumption, as 

 seen in the historv of a 

 New England Family 230 



Health Matters. 

 Typhoid-Fever should be reported 

 to the Health-officer 232 



Ingenuity of Criminals.. 

 Regulation of Breathing i 



Hot-Air Inhalatic 



The Breeding of Sinners : 



A Centenarian Surgeon : 



Bacilli on a Bald Head ■ 



Electrical News. 

 Electric Lighting from Primary- 

 Batteries ; 



St. Louis Electrical Exposition : 



Volatilization of Metals ; 



Notes and News : 



American Public Health Associa- 

 tion ; 



Exhibiters to whom Awards have 



BEEN made at Paris : 



Book-Reviews. 

 Essays upon Heredity and Kindred 



Biological Problems 



European Schools 



The Key to Theosophy .. : 



Iron and Steel Manufacture 



Among the 



Letters to the Editor. 



The United States, their Growth in 

 Population in Two Hundred 

 Years IP'. E. Gladstone : 



The Pennsylvania Weather Review ; 



Reformed Spelling ; 



Industrial Notes. 



Electric Apparatus for South Africa : 



New Electric Street-Railways ; 



The Elliott Non-Electric Tele- 



i Apparatus in Italy ; 



The " Pilot Chart " of the North Atlantic Ocean for October, 

 issued Sept. 27 by the Hydrographic Office, Navy Department, is 

 of especial interest as showing the tracks of the hurricanes that 

 have been experienced on the Atlantic during the past month, and 

 the positions of the many derelicts and wrecks reported off the 

 coast, — the results, most of them, of the great storm that raged be- 

 tween Hatteras and Block Island from the 9th to the 12th of Sep- 

 tember. So great is the interest that attaches to this storm, that a 

 special supplement to the chart has been issued, entitled " The St. 

 Thomas-Hatteras Hurricane of Sept. 3-12, 1889." This gives, by 

 means of ten synoptic charts and descriptive text, the entire history 

 of the hurricane from the time it passed St. Thomas till it had 

 spent its fury off the coasts of New Jersey and Long Island. In 

 spite of the brief interval of time that has elapsed, an astonishingly 

 large number of reports have been collected from masters of ves- 

 sels ; and each chart contains data as far east as the 50th meridian, 

 and as far south as the loth parallel. A new and very important 

 factor in the history of the hurricane is brought out very clearly. 

 It seems that a second hurricane originated in the tropics almost 

 simultaneously with the first, but about a thousand miles farther 

 east. Both moved off along a track toward west-north-west, but 

 the second recurved to the north-east below Bermuda. To this 

 second hurricane was due the building-up and persistency to the 

 southward of Newfoundland of a ridge of high pressure that held 

 the great storm off our coast, instead of allowing it to follow its 



normal track toward the north-east. Special credit is given to the 

 many navigators whose cordial assistance has made it possible to 

 publish this report so promptly. 



AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION. 



The following is a partial list of papers to be presented at the 

 annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, to be 

 held in Brooklyn beginning Oct. 22 (a full list will appear in the 

 daily programmes) : address of welcome, by Hon. Alfred C. Cha- 

 pin, mayor, on behalf of the city ; address of welcome, by Alexan- 

 der Hutchins, M.D., on behalf of the medical profession ; presi- 

 dent's address, by Professor Hosmer A. Johnson, M.D., Chicago, 

 111. ; " The United States Census in its Relation to Sanitation," by 

 Dr. John S. Billings, LL.D., Washington, D.C. ; " Recent Re- 

 searches relating to the Etiology of Yellow-Fever " (illustrated with 

 the stereopticon), by George M. Sternberg, M.D., Baltimore, Md. ; 

 " More Yellow-Fever Problems," by Jerome Cochran, M.D., State 

 health-officer, Montgomery, Ala. ; " Forms of Statistics," by Henry 

 B. Baker, M.D., secretary State Board of Health, Lansing, Mich. ; 

 " A Suggestion for the Limitation and Detection of Adulterations 

 in Food and Drink,'" by Henry Leffmann, M.D., Philadelphia, 

 Penn. ; " The Prevention of Consumption," by J. N. McCormack. 

 M.D., secretary State Board of Health, Bowling Green, Ky. ; " The 

 Necessity for a More Rigorous Inspection of Meat-Producing Ani- 

 mals at the Time of Slaughter," by D. E. Salmon, D.V.M., chief 

 of Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington, D.C. ; " The Causes 

 of Infant Mortality," by Dr. R. O. Beard, assistant commissioner of 

 health, Minneapolis, Minn., and professor of physiology in the 

 medical department of the Minnesota State University : " Causes 

 and Prevention of Infant Mortality," by Jerome Walker, M.D.. 

 Brooklyn, N.Y. ; "The Utilization and Purification of Sewage." by 

 John H. Ranch, M.D., secretary State Board of Health, Chicago. 

 111. ; "The Art of Cooking," by Edward Atkinson, LL.D., Boston- 

 Mass, (this paper will be practically illustrated by cooking appara- 

 tus devised by Mr. Atkinson, and various foods will be cooked in 

 the presence of the association ; the system which will be illustrated 

 is the result of several years' labor, and has been in practical opera- 

 tion for many months under his supervision ; as Mr. Atkinson is 

 one of the world's most noted economists and statisticians, the 

 paper will undoubtedly be of great value) ; " New Method of Deal- 

 ing with the Dead " (illustrated with the stereopticon), by Rev. 

 Charles R. Treat, New York City ; " Report of the Committee on 

 the Disposal of Garbage and Refuse Matter," by S. S. Kilvington, 

 M.D., commissioner of health, Milwaukee, Wis. ; " A Suggested 

 Minimum Basis of Compensation to Local Health-Ofificers," by 

 George Homan, M.D., secretary State Board of Health, St. Louis, 

 Mo. ; " Do the Sanitary Interests of the United States demand the 

 Annexation of Cuba.'" by Benjamin Lee, M.D., secretary Pennsyl- 

 vania State Board of Health, Philadelphia ; " Railway Sanitation," 

 by Samuel W. Latta, M.D., medical examiner Pennsylvania Rail- 

 road Voluntary Relief Department, Trenton, N.J. Papers and re- 

 ports of an interesting and valuable character are expected from 

 several of the committees. 



A daily programme will be issued each morning, giving the title 

 of papers, reports, etc., that will be presented, with such other in- 

 formation as may be of interest in connection with the work of the 

 day. The headquarters of the executive committee will be at the 

 Pierrepont House. A meeting of the committee will be held at this 

 house, at the room of the secretary, on Monday, Oct. 21, at 4.30 



P.M. 



The local committee of arrangements have provided for an ex- 

 hibition of every thing available adapted to the promotion of health. 

 The exhibit will be divided into nine sections, as follows : i. The 

 Dwelling ; 2. Schools and Education ; 3. Factories and Workshops; 

 4. Clothing and Dress ; 5. Food ; 6. Sanitary Engineering ; 7. 

 Public Health Administration in Cities and Towns ; 8. The Labo- 

 ratory ; 9. Red Cross Section. The exhibition of any article does 

 not carry with it the indorsement of the American Public Health 

 Association. At the close of the exhibition the association will 

 award testimonials to exhibiters of especially meritorious articles, 

 based upon the judgment of experts. The exhibition will be held 

 in the hall at the northwest corner of Fulton and Pineapple Streets, 



