SCIENCE 



A WEEKLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE 



OFFICIAL NOTICES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 



FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 



Editoeial Committee : S. Newcomb, Mathematics ; E. S. Woodward, Mechanics ; E. C. Pickeeikg, 

 Astronomy ; T. C Mendenhall, Physics ; R. H. Thurston, Engineering ; Iba Remsbn, Chemistry ; 

 Charles D. Walcott, Geology ; W. M. Davis, Physiography ; Henry F. Osboen, Paleon- 

 tology ; W. K. Brooks, C. Hart Merriam, Zoology ; S. H. Scuddee, Entomology ; C. E. 

 Bessky, N. I.. Beitton, Botany ; C. S. Minot, Embryology, Histology ; H. P. Bow- 

 ditch, Physiology ; J. S. Billings, Hygiene ; William H. Welch, Pathol- 

 ogy ; J. McKeen Cattell, Psychology ; J. W. Powell, Anthropology. 



Friday, Janttary 3, 1902. 



CONTENTS: 



The Relations beticeen the Variability of Or- 

 ganisms and that of their constituent Ele- 

 ments : Dr. Fkanz Boas 1 



On the True Nature of Tamiosoma : Profess- 

 or William Healey Dall 5 



The Relative Progress of the Goal-tar Industry 

 in England and Germany during the Past 

 Fifteen Years : AsTniSR C. Green 7 



Concerning Certain Mosquitoes: Professor 

 John B. Smith 13 



University Registration Statistics: Dr. Geo. 

 B. Germann 16 



Scientific Books: — 



Hertimg on- Die Entie-iclclung der Biologie: 

 Wm. a. Locy. Loeb on the Gamparative 

 Physiology of the Brain: Robert Mearns 

 Yekkes. Alohr's Plant Life in Alabama: 

 Dr. F. E. Clements. Ttco Papers on Ani- 

 mal Mechanics: Professor Thomas 

 DwiGHT. Young on the Teaching of Mathe- 

 matics: Professor David Eugene Smith. 17 



Scientific Journals and Articles 26 



Societies and Academies: — 



N. Y. Academy of Sciences: Section of 

 Geology and Mineralogy : Edmund O.Hovey. 

 Research Club of the University of Michi- 

 gan: Professor Frederick C. Newcombe. 

 The Academy of Science of St. Louis : Pro- 

 fessor William Trelease 27 



Shorter Articles : — 



The Smallest Knoion Vertebrate: Dr. H. 

 M. Smith. Dinosaurs in the Ft. Pierre 

 Shales and Underlying Beds in Montana: 

 Earl Douglass. Magmatic Differentiation 

 of Rocks: Dr. Charles R. Keyes. On the 

 Reason for the Retention of Salts near the 

 Surface of Soils : Thos. H. Means 30 



Chemistry in the California Schools: Edward 

 Booth 35 



Scientific Notes and News 36 



University and Educational Neics 40 



MSB. intended for publication and books, etc., intended 

 for review should be sent to the responsible editor, Pro- 

 fessor J. McKeen Hattell, Garrison-im-Hudson, N. Y. 



THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE VARIA- 

 BILITY OF ORGANISMS AND THAT OF 

 THEIR CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS. 



In a study of the varying forms of organ- 

 isms we may either direct our attention 

 to the variability of the organism as a 

 whole, or to the variability of its con- 

 stituent elements. When two organisms 

 differ in form, their differences are neces- 

 sarily founded on differences in the forms 

 of their corresponding parts, and we are 

 justified in assuming each of these parts 

 as very small. The corresponding parts 

 may consist of homologous cell groups, of 

 individual cells, or of other small homol- 

 ogous elements of the two organisms. 

 These small elements may differ in size and 

 form, and new elements may also be added 

 in the one or the other organism, so that 

 there may also be a difference in the num- 

 ber of elements. The difference between the 

 two organisms may then be considered as a 

 resultant of the differences between their 

 constituent elements. Therefore, there 

 must be a certain definite relation between 

 the variability of the elements and that of 

 the whole organism. 



In order to make this clear we will, for 

 a moment, consider the elements as inde- 

 pendent units, not as pai-ts of an organic 

 whole. In this case, each element would 

 be entirely independent of the other. 

 When we consider two organisms thus con- 



