Januaby 24, 1902.] 



SCIENCE. 



125 



chief are the rotation of the eyes about 

 their horizontal axis, the rotation of the 

 head about its lateral horizontal axis, and 

 the rotation of the whole body about a 

 similar axis. A consideration of the in- 

 fluence exerted by the general distribution 

 of intensities in the visual field, and of ob- 

 ject planes and lines of perspective upon 

 the subjective location of points in the 

 horizontal plane of the eyes. The paper 

 concludes with an examination of the phe- 

 nomena of coordination between eye and 

 hand in determining the plane of the eye's 

 horizon by the index finger, the significance 

 of this series of determinations lying in the 

 characteristic displacement of the located 

 point due to changes in the fundamental 

 axes of the head and eyes. Dr. Mac- 

 Dougall's paper will be printed in the 

 Publications of Harvard Psychological 

 Laboratory, Vol. I. 



The Sherman Anthropological Collection of 

 Holyoke, Massachusetts: George Geant 

 MacCubdt. 



Mr. Gardner M. Sherman, of Spring- 

 field, Mass., an indefatigable collector for 

 twenty-five years, has supplemented his 

 own finds by exchanges and judicious pur- 

 chases until the collection which bears his 

 name now numbers from 12,000 to 16,000 

 specimens. The material is confined al- 

 most wholly to American archeology, rep- 

 resenting geographically twenty-one States 

 and Territories. Massachusetts, Georgia, 

 Illinois and Tennessee are the largest con- 

 tributors. The Connecticut River valley 

 is particularly well represented. The col- 

 lection was purchased last July by the 

 Holyoke Scientific Society, and is to be in- 

 stalled in the new Public Library building. 

 It is at present in the care of Mr. J. T. 

 Draper, head of the science department of 

 the Holyoke High School. This paper ^vill 

 be published in the American Anthropolo- 

 gist. 



Filial Piety in China: Paul Caetjs. 



A study of a pair of wall pendants, orna- 

 mental mottoes designed as decorations for 

 the sitting-rooms of the Celestials. The 

 paper and art work are crude enough to 

 allow the assiunption that the prints must 

 be very cheap in China, and are designed 

 not for the rich, but for the common people. 

 They may cost in Peking or Hong Kong 

 not more than one or two cents apiece. 

 Evidently they serve two purposes : First, 

 of ornament, and, secondly, of instruction. 

 The Chinese are a moralizing people, even 

 more so than we : while we dislike abstract . 

 moralizing, they delight in it and do not 

 tire of impressing upon their children the 

 praiseworthiness of filial devotion. Filial' 

 devotion is in Chinese hsiao; the character 

 consists of two symbols showing a child 

 supporting an old man, and filial piety is 

 supposed to be the basis of all virtue. The 

 moral relations are regarded as mere varie- 

 ties of hsiao; and the original significance 

 of the word, which means chiefly the devo- 

 tional attitude of a child toward his par- 

 ents, includes such relations as the obedi- 

 ence of the subject to his ruler, of the wife 

 to her husband, of the younger brother to 

 his elder brother, and of any one's rela- 

 tions to his superiors, including especially 

 man's relation to God. The Chinese orna- 

 ment their rooms, not as we do with pic- 

 tures of beauty, but with moral sayings; 

 and the two pendants described, which un- 

 fortunately cannot be reproduced here for 

 lack of space, are typical of the national 

 character of the Chinese. 



The Significance of the Cross: Paul 



Carus. 



Symbols pass through three stages, the 

 magic, the emblematic and the ornamental. 

 The Christian cross is unique in its concep- 

 tion. Prehistoric crosses are the same in 

 form, but different in interpretation. The 

 difference in meaning is important. For ■ 



