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SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XV. No. 374. 



ogy and in many other branches. The 

 administration now closing can have no 

 monument more enduring than the great 

 mass of contributions to knowledge, which 

 are gathered (like the cairn of boulders and 

 pebbles which commemorates in Cracow, 

 the burial place of Kosciusko), a biblio- 

 thecal cairn, in the office of the Trustees, 

 to remind every officer and every visitor of 

 our productivity in science and letters. 



There are many who believe that the 

 noblest work in which we have engaged is 

 the advancement of medical education and 

 science. Several agencies have been favor- 

 able. The munificence of the founder es- 

 tablished a hospital, which was recognized 

 as soon as it was opened, as the foremost of 

 its kind in Christendom. He directed that 

 when completed it should be a part of the 

 University and, accordingly, when the time 

 came for organizing a medical and surgical 

 staff, the principal professors were simul- 

 taneously appointed to the chairs of one 

 institution, to the clinics of the other. 

 They were to be constantly exercised in 

 the relief of suffering and in the education 

 ■of youth. For the lack of the requisite 

 funds, the University at first provided only 

 for instruction in those scientific branches 

 which underlie the science of medicine. At 

 length, the organization of the school of 

 medicine was made possible by a very large 

 gift of money, received from a lady of Bal- 

 timore, who was familiar with the require- 

 ments of medical science, and eager to see 

 that they were met. By her munificence 

 the University was enabled to organize and 

 miaintain that great department, which now 

 reflects so much honor upon this city and 

 which does so much by example, by publi- 

 cation, by systematic instruction, and by 

 investigation to carry forward those varied 

 sciences, anatomy, physiology, physiolog- 

 ical chemistry, pharmacy, pathology, and 

 the various branches of medicine and sur- 

 gery. In accordance with the plans of the 



University, the generous donor made it a 

 condition of her gift that candidates for 

 the degree of Doctor of Medicine should be 

 those only who had taken a baccalaureate 

 degree based upon a prolonged study of 

 science and the modern languages. A four 

 years' course of study was also prescribed 

 and women were admitted to the classes 

 upon the same terms as men. The liberal 

 and antecedent aid of women throughout 

 the country in the promotion of these plans 

 is commemorated by a building inscribed 

 ' the women 's fund memorial building. ' 

 The excellent laboratory facilities, the clin- 

 ical opportunities, the organization of a 

 training school for nurses, and especially 

 the ability of the physicians and surgeons 

 have excited abundant emulation and imi- 

 tation in other parts of the country, — a 

 wonderful gain to humanity. It is more 

 and more apparent among us that a med- 

 ical school should be a part of a imiversity 

 and closely affiliated with a hospital. It 

 is also obvious that the right kind of pre- 

 liminary training should be antecedent to 

 medical studies. 



I must ask the indulgence of our friends 

 from a distance as I now dwell, for a mo- 

 ment, on the efforts which have been made 

 to identify the Johns Hopkins University 

 with the welfare of the city of Baltimore 

 and the State of Maryland. Such a hos- 

 pital and such medical advisers as I have 

 referred to are not the only benefits of our 

 foundation. The journals, which carry the 

 name of Baltimore to every learned society 

 in the world are a minor but serviceable 

 advantage. The promotion of sanitary re- 

 form is noteworthy, the study of taxation 

 and in general of municipal conditions, the 

 purification of the local supply of water, 

 the advancement of public education by 

 courses of instruction offered to teachers, 

 diligent attention to the duties of charity 

 and philanthropy, these are among the ser- 

 vices which the faculty have rendered to 



