February 28, 1902.] 



SCIENCE. 



329 



the city of their homes. Their efforts are 

 not restricted to the city. A prolonged 

 scientific study of the oyster, its life his- 

 tory, and the influences which help or 

 hinder its production, is a valuable contribu- 

 tion. The establishment of a meteorolog- 

 ical service throughout the State in con- 

 nection with the Weather Bureau of the 

 United States is also important. Not less 

 so is the Geological Survey of Maryland, 

 organized with the cooperation of the 

 United States Geological Survey, to pro- 

 mote a knowledge of the physical resources 

 of the State, exact maps, the improvement 

 of highways, and the study of water sup- 

 plies, of conditions favorable to agricul- 

 ture, and of deposits of mineral wealth, 

 within this region. To the eiificiency of 

 these agencies it is no doubt due that the 

 State of Maryland has twice contributed to 

 the general fund of the university. 



Nor have our studies been merely local. 

 The biological laboratory, the first estab- 

 lishment of its kind in this country, has 

 carried forward for many years the study 

 of marine life at various points on the At- 

 lantic and has published many important 

 memoirs, while it has trained many able 

 investigators now at work in every part of 

 the land. Experimental psychology was 

 here introduced. Bacteriology early found 

 a home among us. The contributions to 

 chemistry have been numerous and impor- 

 tant. Here was the cradle of Saccharine, 

 that wisely diffused and invaluable concen- 

 tration of sweetness, whose manufacturers 

 unfortunately do not acknowledge the 

 source to which it is due. In the physical 

 laboratory, light has been thrown upon 

 three fundamental subjects:— the mechan- 

 ical equivalent of heat, the exact value of 

 the standard ohm, and the elucidation of 

 the nature of the solar spectrum. For 

 many years this place was the chief seat in 

 this country for pure and advanced mathe- 

 matics. The study of languages and liter- 



ature, oriental, classical, and modern, has 

 been assiduously promoted. Where has the 

 Bible received more attention than is given 

 to it in our Semitic department ? where the 

 study of ancient civilization in Mesopota- 

 mia, Egypt, and Palestine? where did the 

 Romance languages, in their philological 

 aspect first receive attention? To Ameri- 

 can and institutional history, persistent 

 study has been given. Of noteworthy sig- 

 nificance also are the theses required of 

 those who are admitted to the degree of 

 Doctor of Philosophy, which must be 

 printed before the candidate is entitled to 

 all the honors of the degree. 



I might enlarge this category, but I will 

 refrain. The time allotted to me is gone. 

 Yet I cannot sit down without bringing to 

 your minds the memories of those who have 

 been with us and have gone out from us to 

 be seen no more : Sylvester, that profound 

 thinker devoted to abstractions, the illus- 

 trious geometer whose seven prolific years 

 were spent among us and who gave an im- 

 pulse to mathematical researches in every 

 part of this country; Morris, the Oxford 

 graduate, the well trained classicist, de- 

 vout, learned, enthusiastic, and helpful, 

 most of all in the education of the young ; 

 accomplished Martin, who brought to this 

 country new methods of physiological en- 

 qiiiry, led the way in the elucidation of 

 many problems of profound importance, 

 and trained up those who have carried his 

 methods to every part of the land ; Adams, 

 siiggestive, industrious, inspiring, versa- 

 tile, beneficent, who promoted, as none had 

 done before, systematic studies of the civil, 

 ecclesiastical, and educational resources of 

 this country; and Rowland, cut down like 

 Adams in his prime, honored in every land, 

 peer of the greatest physicists of our day, 

 never to be forgotten in the history of 

 physical science. I remind you also of the 

 early student of mathematics, Thomas 

 Craig, and of George Huntington Wil- 



