Febbuaey 28, 1902.J 



SCIENCE. 



347 



Destruction of LarvK, Destruction of Adults, 

 Last Stages of the Campaign. This is fol- 

 lowed by a summary of the objects and a sum- 

 mary of the methods, to which is appended a 

 motto, which Dr. Ross thinl^s will shortly be- 

 come the first law of tropical sanitation, name- 

 ly 'No Stagnant Water.' Major Eoss's book 

 is based upon experience gained during many 

 years' study of mosquitoes in many parts of 

 the world, and more especially upon the ac- 

 tual results of the operations now being car- 

 ried on under the Liverpool School of Tropical 

 Medicine, in West Africa. A great deal is 

 said which applies chiefly to tropical regions, 

 yet the book as a whole should be in the hands 

 of every one in this country who is interested 

 in the fight against mosquitoes. 



In his section on sanitary anarchy Dr. Ross 

 complains bitterly of the inertia of the sani- 

 tary and medical branches of the Imperial 

 Service, and points out by contrast the ener- 

 getic measures adopted by our government in 

 Cuba. The British authorities, he says, "love 

 to ponder things. They will go on pondering 

 for twenty years." 



L. O. Howard. 



The World and the Individual. Gifford Lec- 

 tures Delivered before the University of 

 Aberdeen. Second Series : Nature, Man and 

 the Moral Order. By Josiah Royce, Ph.D., 

 LL.D. (Aberdeen), Professor of the His- 

 tory of Philosophy in Harvard University. 

 New York, The Macmillan Co. 1901. 8vo. 

 Pp. xvii+480. Price, $2.25, net. 

 Although it contains what may be called a 

 philosophy of nature, this new series of Gif- 

 ford Lectures presents less of direct interest 

 to readers of Science than its predecessor. 

 Accordingly, as a detailed philosophical criti- 

 cism would be out of place here, it may 

 suffice to give a general account of the work, 

 and some indication of the author's stand- 

 point. 



The lectures, ten in number, fall roughly 

 into three main parts and an epilogue. (1) 

 Lectures I.-III. furnish what-Mr. Royce him- 

 self calls 'a sketch of an idealistic Theory of 

 Human Knowledge' (Preface, vi). Lecture 

 IV., on 'Physical and Social Reality,' mediates 



between this Theory and the outline of a 

 Philosophy of Nature, which follows. (2) 

 Lecture V. supplies this outline, and an ink- 

 ling of its purport may be obtained from the 

 following passage. "Any hj'pothesis about 

 Nature, which is just to the demands of a 

 sound metaphysic, must, like ours, conceive 

 the natural world as directly bound up with 

 the experiences of actually conscious beings. 

 That, in addition to all these considerations, 

 we should be led to reject Berkeley's cosmo- 

 logical hypothesis, is due, in part, to our own 

 special form of Idealism; but, in part, also to 

 the fact that our theory about nature ought to 

 be just to the empirical inductions which have 

 now been summud .up in the modern Doctrine 

 of Evolution. The essence of this Doctrii\e of 

 Kvoluticm lies in the fact that it recognizes the 

 continuity of man's life with that of an extra- 

 human realm whose existence is hinted to us 

 by our experience of Nature. Accepting, as 

 we are obliged to do, the objective significance 

 of this modern doctrine, we find ourselves 

 forced to interpret Nature, not as an arbi- 

 trarily determined realm of valid experiences 

 founded only in God's creative will and mail's 

 sensory life, but as an orderly realm of 

 genuine conscious life, one of whose products, 

 expressions, and examples we find in the mind 

 of man" (241-2). (3) Lectures VI.-IX. dis- 

 cuss the self and the problems which occur in 

 considering the relation of the self to a uni- 

 verse of physical and social reality, where it 

 is at once a factor and the feature. Lec- 

 ture X. contains the epilogue. Here, gather- 

 ing up all the conclusions reached hitherto, 

 Mr. Royce attempts to estimate the signifi- 

 cance of the individual life in relation to the 

 cosmic whole, and to that ultimate unity 

 which natural religion terms God. Of course 

 such an inquiry touches the conclusions of 

 modern science at every point. But, for this 

 very reason, it is difficult in any case, and im- 

 possible in a short review, to show what the 

 point of contact is. Rather, each one who is 

 interested must find out for himself by perusal 

 of the entire argument. 



Apart altogether from its considerable 

 weight as a contribution to original metaphys- 

 ical thought, the work has great significance 



