Febeuaey 28, 1902.] 



SCIENCE. 



355 



ing nearly to the Rockies in tlae region men- 

 tioned. The drift of the northeastern ice 

 sheet overlapped that coming from the moun- 

 tains, just south of the 49th parallel. This re- 

 lation of the two bodies of drift shows that 

 the continental ice sheet reached its most ad- 

 vanced position after the valley glaciers from 

 the west had retreated. There is no evidence, 

 however, that the interval between the deposi- 

 tion of the two bodies of drift was consider- 

 able. The Sweet Grass Hills, just south of 

 the 49th parallel, and thirty miles back from 

 the edge of the ice sheet, were nuiiataks. The 

 slope of the surface of the continental ice sheet 

 between its edge and the Sweet Grass Hills is 

 estimated to have been about 50 feet per mile. 

 A long narrow lake existed in front of the 

 Keewatin ice sheet, the standing water result- 

 ing from the obstruction of drainage by the 

 ice. The present drainage of the region is in 

 many respects notably different from that 

 which obtained in pre-glacial times. 



Messrs. George Garrey and Eliot Black- 

 welder, partly in company with the writer and 

 partly alone, made a number of determina- 

 tions with reference to Pleistocene glaciation 

 west of the Rockies and east of the Cascades. 

 The boundaries of the Okanogan or Coulee 

 City (Wash.) ice lobe, south and east of the 

 Columbia River, were traced out. This ice 

 lobe had previously been made known by Rus- 

 sell, and its general limits indicated. Messrs. 

 Garrey and Blackwelder also determined the 

 existence of a great glacier down the valley 

 of the Columbia just west of the 118th merid- 

 ian. This glacier descended the valley of the 

 Columbia to the point where the Spokane 

 River comes in. The eastern margin of this 

 glacier looped northward around Huckleberry 

 Mountain (Tp. 32, R. 38 E.), and to the east 

 of this point another glacier descended the 

 valley of the Colville River. These two gla- 

 ciers were, therefore, separated only at their 

 southern ends, becoming continuous to the 

 north. The eastern margin of the Colville 

 glacier, which descended to Springdale, prob- 

 ably connects around Old Dominion Mountain 

 with the ice which descended the Pend d'Ore- 

 ille valley. The ice of this valley descended 

 southward to a point three miles southwest of 



Davis Lake. A few data were also gathered 

 concerning glaciation at points farther east. 



Extensive deposits of loess were found in 

 eastern Washington and northeastern Oregon. 

 In geographic distribution, the loess corre- 

 sponds, in a general way, with the wheat- 

 growing areas of these States. Beds of vol- 

 canic ash are sometimes interbedded with the 

 loess. Some of the loess, how much was not 

 determined, had an seolian origin. 



RoLLiN D. Salisbury. 



RECENT ZOOPALEONTOLOGY. 



A FOSSIL CAMEL PROM SOUTHERN RUSSIA. 



Professor Neheing,* of Berlin, describes 

 the skull of a Pleistocene camel from beds 

 along the Volga, in the same state of preser- 

 vation as the mammoth, wild horse, reindeer 

 and Elasmotherium. From the distribution of 

 this and other Pleistocene camels in Rou- 

 mania and Algiers, the author agrees with the 

 view expressed by Lehmann (1891) that the 

 dromedary and Bactrian camel originated in 

 two distinct regions, the former being a siih- 

 tropical steppe and desert animal, the latter 

 belonging to the subarctic steppes and deserts. 



fossil remains op lake callabona. 

 E. C. Stirling,! director of the South Aus- 

 tralian Museum, opens a series of memoirs 

 on the large deposit of fossil bones discovered 

 in the bed of Lake Callabona, South Australia, 

 first reported in Nature in 1894. The present 

 memoir is devoted to the manus and pes of 

 Diprotodon, the largest and most abundant 

 marsupial in this remarkable deposit. The 

 salt clay in which the bones were embedded 

 was always wet, the necessary excavations soon 

 filling with water. Nevertheless fourteen feet 

 were removed en masse within large balls of 

 the matrix clay. Besides the great difficulties 

 of removal the fossils had to be carried two 

 hundred miles to a railway station, by camel 



* ' Ein f ossiles Kamel aus Siidruf sland, nebst 

 Bemerkungen liber die Heimat der Kamele,' 

 Sonderabdr. aus dem Globus, Bd. LXXX., Nr. 12, 

 pp. 188-189. 



t ' Fossil Remains of Lake Callabona,' Part I. 

 Mem. Roy. Soc. 8. Australia, Vol. I., Part I., pp. 

 1^0, PI. I.-XVIII., 4to. Adelaide, 1899. 



