April 11, 1902.J 



SCIENCE. 



573 



material has not gone to a finish. The 

 small intestines meet not far from the 

 pylorus and communicate transversely, 

 and a single piece continues thence to the 

 anus, a distance of about seven feet. 

 There is no distinction of small and large 

 intestine, except a sudden enlargement at 

 which two coeca are located (one for each 

 component of the calf). There are two 

 nearly complete circulatory systems but 

 an umbilical artery is lacking from each 

 side (the inner), and the internal iliac veins 

 join and fuse in the middle line. There 

 are two pairs of kidneys, and there are two 

 bladders; one is in front of the other. 

 They communicate at the fundus. The 

 urethras are not developed; the hinder 

 bladder has the urachus open and both 

 bladders discharged by this passage. The 

 ureters are symmetrically related to the 

 two bladders; those of the outer kidneys, 

 one from each body, discharging into the 

 hinder bladder, while those of the two 

 inner bladders communicate with the ante- 

 rior bladder. There are two pairs of tes- 

 tes; the outer pair had descended, their 

 vasa deferentia communicating with the 

 hinder bladder, while the inner pair are 

 still beside their kidneys and in communi- 

 cation with the anterior bladder. 



Notes on the Trematodes of Lake Chautau- 

 qua, N. Y.: H. L. OsBOEN. (Read by 

 title only.) 



Studies made in the biological labora- 

 tory of the Chautaiiqi;a College of Liberal 

 Arts have shown that the adult stage of 

 Distomum (Microphallus) opacum, Ward, 

 is of frequent occurrence in the stomachs 

 of the black bass, and its earlier stage in 

 the crayfishes, where, instead of frequent- 

 ing ' the space in the eephalothorax above 

 the heart and sexual organs ' (Ward, Am. 

 Mic. Soc. Trans., XV., p. 79, 1894), it is 

 found invariably in the liver, whose effect- 

 ive area is frequently greatly reduced by 



the cysts. A second distomid occurs in 

 the stomach of the black bass, though less 

 frequently. It has been seen elsewhere by 

 Wright and Linton and referred by them 

 to Distomum (Bundera) nodulosum. It is 

 not, however, identical with the European 

 form and will very likely need to be recog- 

 nized as a new species. It is characterized 

 by a difference in the lateral lobe of the 

 oral apparatus. Its earlier stages were 

 found abundantly in crayfishes of the 

 lake. They are found in nearly every 

 crayfish examined, and occur encysted in 

 the heart, gonads, muscle and surrounding 

 spaces of that region. Two other species 

 of distomids are frequent in fishes of the 

 lake; one, an undetermined distomid of 

 vei'y minute size, occurs in the nearly 

 digested slimy chyme gathered about the 

 entrance to the small intestine, appearing 

 like numerous minute black elongate 

 specks scattered through the slime, and 

 proving to be sexually mature forms, the 

 black color due to the embryos filling the 

 uterus. This species has not yet been 

 located, and it seems to be not well known. 

 Another little known and possibly new 

 species occurs encysted in round black 

 spots a millimeter in diameter in the skin 

 of the fins and of the body generally, in 

 rock bass and darters. Another distomid, 

 unknown in the adult', was previously 

 reported on from this locality {Zool. Bull., 

 p. 301, 1898) as occurring in Anodonta 

 plana and causing the salmon-colored 

 deposit on the inner surface of the valves 

 of the shell. The Anodontas also always 

 contain one or more individi;als of Coty- 

 laspis adhering to the surface of the 

 Iddney (Zool. Bull., p. 85, 1898.) An ex- 

 tended article on these is now in course 

 of publication. There is to be found 

 encysted in the liver of the sunfishes a 

 form that has not as yet been sufficiently 

 studied to ascertain more than that it is a 

 Diplostomum, or nearly related to it. Pur- 



