SCIENCE 



A WEEKLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE 



OFFICIAL NOTICES AND PROCEEDIFGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 



FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 



Editoeial Committee : S. Nbwcomb, Mathematics ; R. S. Woodward, Meohanios ; E. C. Pickering, 

 Astronomy ; T. C. Mendenhall, Physics ; R. H. Thdrston, Engineering ; lEA Rkmsen, Chemistry ; 

 Charles D. Walcott, Geology ; W. M. Davis, Physiography ; Henry F. Osborn, Paleon- 

 tology ; W. K. Brooks, C. Hart Merriam, Zoology ; S. H. Scuddek, Entomology ; C. E. 

 Bessby, N. L. Beitton, Botany ; C. S. MiNOT, Embryology, Histology ; H. P. Bow- 

 DiTCH, Physiology ; J. S. Billings, Hygiene ; William H. Welch, Pathol- 

 ogy ; J. McKeen Cattell, Psychology ; J. W. Powell, Anthropology. 



Friday, April 18, 1902. 



CONTENTS: 



Plant Pathology : A Retrospect and Prospect : 

 Dr. Erwin F. Smith 601 



The Biological Basis of Legislation governing 

 the Lobster Industry: George W. Field.. 612 



Memhership of the American Association .... 616 



Scientific Books: — 



Morgan's Regeneration: E. G. C. Giesen- 

 hagen's Die Farngattung Niphobolus : Pro- 

 fessor Lucien M. Underwood. Gatter- 

 niann's Practical Methods of Organic Chem- 

 istry; Shaw's Laboratory Exercises in Gen- 

 eral Chemistry ; Noyes's Elements of Qual- 

 itative Analysis : Professor E. Recoup . . 620 



Societies and Academies: — 

 The Chicago Section of the American Mathe- 

 matical Society: Professor Thomas F. 

 Holsate. New York Academy of Sciences: 

 Section of Biology: Professor Henry E. 

 Crampton. Section of Anthropology and 

 Psychology: Dr. R. S. Woodworth. The 

 Torrey Botanical Club : Professor Edward 

 S. Burgess. Northeastern Section of the 

 American Chemical Society: Professor 

 Henry Fay. The Onondaga Academy of 

 Science: P. F. Schneider. The New York 

 Association of Biology Teachers: G. W. 

 Hunter, Jr. 625 



Discussion and Correspondence : — 



An American Journal of Physics: Pro- 

 fessor Carl Barus. The Centenary of 

 Hugh Miller: Dr. John M. Clarke. The 

 American Association (Section B, Physics) : 

 Professor E. F. Nichols, Professor W. S. 

 Franklin 629 



Botanical Notes: — 



Pig Growing in the XJnited States; Summer 

 Botany at Wood's Boll; A Journal for Stu- 

 dents of Mosses; The Botanists at Pitts- 

 burg; A New Distribution of Fungi: Pro- 

 fessor Charles E. Bessey 632 



Aeronautics : R. H. T 63.3 



V. S. Civil Service Examinations 634 



Scientific Notes and News 63.5 



University and Educational News 640 



PLANT PATHOLOGY : A RETROSPECT AND 

 PROSPECT.* 



The study of plant diseases has made 

 remarkable progress within the last two 

 decades. This is commented upon at home 

 and abroad. Perhaps in no field outside of 

 organic chemistry or of animal pathology 

 and bacteriology have the advances been 

 greater. In casting about for a subject, it 

 has seemed to the speaker therefore that 

 perhaps he could not do better in the time 

 allotted to the presidential address than to 

 consider, first, the state of plant pathology 

 prior to the year 1880 ; second, the prog- 

 ress which has been made from that time 

 to the present; and, third, some of the 

 problems which now confront the investi- 

 gator. Nothing beyond a popular sketch 

 is contemplated. 



The twenty years preceding 1880 were 

 j'ears of stress and uncertainty in the bio- 

 logical world. Pasteur and Colin had laid 

 the foundations of modern bacteriology 

 and the whole world was agog with inter- 

 est over the new doctrines of fermentation 

 and of disease. Sachs and de Bary had 

 done equally magnificent work in plant 

 morphology and physiology. But the great 

 masters were not having everything their 

 own way, Hallier ' and Billroth in Ger- 

 many were upholding a crazy doctrine of 



* Presidential address before the Society for 

 Plant Morphology and Physiology, Fifth Annual 

 Meeting, New York, January 1, 1902. 



