May 16, 1902.] 



SCIENCE. 



787 



suggestions for the equipment of the labora- 

 tory, and the use of the microscope, with, at 

 the end of the volume, reference lists of deal- 

 ers and materials, complete the volume, and 

 increase its usefulness for secondary teachers 

 and students, to whom it is on the whole by 

 no means ill adapted. Francis E. Lloyd. 



The Cyclopedia of American Horticulture. 

 By L. H. Bailey and Wilhelm Miller. 

 Comprising suggestions for cultivation of 

 horticultural plants, descriptions of the 

 species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and 

 ornamental plants sold in the United States 

 and Canada, together with geographical 

 and biographical sketches. Vol. IV., E-Z. 

 New York, The Macmillan Company. 1902. 

 Pp. XSX + 1487-2016; pi. 31-50; ff. 2060- 

 2800. 



Professor Bailey is to be congratulated on 

 the completion of a work that will long stand 

 as one of the monuments of horticultural 

 progress, useful alike to the gardener, the stu- 

 dent of cultivated plants and the seeker 

 after general information relating to such 

 plants. 



The task he set himself was a hard one, for 

 unless arbitrarily limited the field is a large 

 one, the details intergrading and of unequal 

 importance, and almost every step is beset 

 with nomenelatorial and other pitfalls, be- 

 tween which a safe course is all but impossible 

 because so many of the difficulties admit of 

 only subjective solution which, when opinions 

 differ, cannot please every one. With the 

 good judgment but positive action for which 

 he is noted, he has handled elaborate ques- 

 tions conservatively and as consistently as 

 could be expected, considering that the sev- 

 eral articles have been written by many per- 

 sons whose opinions could hardly be reduced 

 to a uniform level on any matter of policy. 

 The more notable parts of the concluding 

 volume are the editor's preface, including a 

 history of the planning and execution of the 

 work and an outline for proposed supple- 

 ments, and the articles on railroad-gardening, 

 Rhododendron, Rihes, Rosa and rose, Rubus, 

 Salvia, Baxifraga, Scilla, Sedum, seedage, 

 Selaginella, Sempervivum, shrubbery, Sorhus, 



Spircea, spraying, storage, strawberry, (S^/rmjra, 

 tomato, transplanting, trees, Tulipa, Ulmus, 

 Vaccinium, vegetable gardening, Verhena, 

 Vibiirnuin, village improvement, vines, Viola 

 and violet, Vitis, walnut, wild garden, winter 

 protection, and Zea. W. T. 



The Science of Penology : The Defence of So- 

 ciety against Crime. By Henry M. Boies. 

 New York and London; G. P. Putnam's 

 Sons. 1901. Pp. 459. 



The author of this book approaches his sub- 

 ject from the practical rather than from the 

 scientific side, as is indicated at the outset 

 by the fact that he is a member of the Board 

 of Public Charities and of the Committee of 

 Lunacy of the State of Pennsylvania. He 

 makes no pretentious claims to originality; 

 he wishes simply to 'collate and systematize' 

 what others have done with a view to awaken 

 a wider interest in the rational treatment of 

 criminals and to assist those who make and 

 execute the laws against crime. The really 

 interesting and significant point about the 

 book is that in a work which thus 'aims at 

 practice' and is written by a practical man, 

 the standpoint of those who during the last 

 quarter of a century have sought — amid the 

 ridicule of practical men — to put crim^inology 

 on a scientific basis, is definitely accepted, 

 and accepted almost as a matter of course. 

 It is suf&cient to mention the headings of the 

 three sections into which the book is divided: 

 Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Hygienics. 

 In other words, from a book to which is at- 

 tached the old-fashioned label of 'penology,' 

 the subject of punishment is simply omitted 

 altogether. At one point, it is true, the 

 author would appear to admit the idea of 

 punishment in so far as it may be of thera- 

 peutic value, but on the whole he has nothing 

 whatever to say to it. "Criminal codes as 

 they exist are," he states, "in the light of 

 twentieth century intelligence, a conglomer- 

 ation of penalties of various degrees of atroc- 

 ity, irrationality, absurdity and inutility. 

 They are the relics of blind social strug- 

 gles against social evils, useful chiefly as 

 antiquities, to be collected with thumb-screws, 

 iron boots, racks, and torture wheels in mu- 



