August 8, 1902.] 



SCIENCE. 



203 



down as an ornament. The pipe is eight 

 inches in length and made of fire-clay un- 

 burned. This fire-clay can be duplicated 

 in a number of places along the >Scioto 

 River and farther down toward the Ohio. 

 The paper was illustrated by pictures of 

 the pipe and a sample of the fire-clay. 



The paper was discussed by J. D. 

 McGuire, J. Walter Fewkes and Warren K. 

 Moorehead. Special attention was called 

 to the fact that pipes were often used 

 to blow out smoke on ceremonial occasions 

 rather than only for drawing in smoke for 

 pleasure. 



Gravel Kanie Burials in Ohio: Warken K. 



JMOOREHEAD. 



This paper dealt with a class of prehis- 

 toric remains found in Ohio and which 

 have, up to the present, scarcely attracted 

 the attention of archeologists. The author 

 spent ten or twelve seasons in the explora- 

 tion of Ohio mounds and other remains. 



The Kame burials, he said, are found in 

 the gravel knolls of supposed glacial origin. 

 These burials may or may not be older than 

 the remains of the so-called 'mound-build- 

 ers ' ; this is a question as yet undetermined. 



The crania seem to him different from 

 those of the mound interments, and he said 

 that certainly some of the artifacts taken 

 from the gravel burials do not have their 

 counterparts in the tumuli finds. The 

 skeletons are better preserved and therefore 

 more sought by the anatomists. Moisture, 

 by reason of the porous nature of the sandy 

 soil or gravel, percolates below the bones 

 and leaves them dry. It is not unusual to 

 find almost every bone of the body well pre- 

 served. Burials in earth mounds or in ceme- 

 teries when in clay and other compact soils 

 are frequently badly decayed— sometimes 

 only the crown of the teeth remaining. 



Attention was called to these differences 

 and comments from other archeologists were 

 requested. He endeavored to prove that 



the burials in gravel knolls mark the ex- 

 istence of a different tribe from that sup- 

 posed to have been responsible for the 

 mounds and earthworks. 



Microscopical Sections of Flint from Flint 

 Eidge, Licking Co., Ohio: William C. 

 Mills. 



This paper attempted to prove that the 

 Flint Ridge material contains foraminifera, 

 in opposition or correction of the photo- 

 graphs of microscopical sections and state- 

 ments of Professor Thomas Wilson in his 

 ' Arrowheads, Spearpoints and Knives of 

 Prehistoric ■ Times. ' Dr. Mills said he had 

 made sections of nearly all the different va- 

 rieties of flint found in this prehistoric 

 quarry, and found that certain portions of 

 the flint are full of foraminifera. He exhib- 

 ited drawings of these various forms and il- 

 lustrated other features by means of thin 

 sections of flint mounted for the microscope. 



The Hernandes Shell-heap, Ormond, Flori- 

 da: C. H. Hitchcock. 

 This paper described the shell-heap on 

 the Spanish Grant. Twenty kinds of mol- 

 lusca were found. Bones of the deer, two 

 kinds of dogs, opossum, wolf and many of 

 the porpoise, alligator and turtles, as well 

 as of several fish, were also secured. Some 

 implements were found, but the most im- 

 portant discoveries were those of the bones 

 of the great auk. One bone was first col- 

 lected by Professor Blatchley. The iden- 

 tity of the bone is now confirmed, so that 

 th'e range of this bird is supposed to have 

 reached as far south as Florida within the 

 human period. Specimens of the bones 

 were exhibited and a blackboard diagram 

 was made to explain the site. 



The paper was discussed by 0. P. Hay, 

 Harlan I. Smith and J. D. McGuire. The 

 latter suggested that persons of the white 

 race might have taken the auk bones to 

 the region during the last four hundred 

 years. 



