August 8, 1902.] 



SCIENCE. 



205 



fittest instincts have been preserved. Rit- 

 uals are, in a way, records of partly instinc- 

 tive habits controlled by law stronger by 

 far than the minds of the men who perform 

 the ceremonies. 



Walter Hough expressed the following 

 ideas : In some cases one man thinks for a 

 community. The ceremonies in Hopi may 

 be likened to a university education, be- 

 ginning with childhood and ending at 

 death. In the ceremonies the older per- 

 sons teach the younger. 



Dr. Dorsey said that the more he learned 

 the greater the number of ceremonies he 

 found still existed. He had seen ten dis- 

 tinct ceremonies in one week. 



Anthropological Museums^m Central Asia: 



G. Feedbeick Weight. 



One of the agreeable surprises awaiting 

 the American traveler in Siberia is the 

 evidence which he sees in every center of 

 population of an intelligent interest in 

 archeological and anthropological investi- 

 gations. Indeed, there is scarcely a town of 

 ten thousand inhabitants in all Siberia but 

 has a public museum, under the care of 

 a learned and competent curator, in which 

 special attention is devoted to these sub- 

 jects. There are such museums, finely 

 lioused, in the young cities of Valdivostock 

 and Blagovestchensk ; while in the older 

 •centers of population the museums often 

 rival anything which we have in this coun- 

 try outside of Washington, New York, 

 Boston and Chicago. 



One of the finest of these museums is 

 that of the branch of the Imperial Geolog- 

 ical Society which has been formed at Kha- 

 barovsk, the capital of the Maritime Prov- 

 ince, on the Amur River. The Museum of 

 the Society occupies one of the largest and 

 best-situated brick buildings of the city. 

 Tjike all the museums in Siberia, it is large- 

 ly devoted to matters of local interest. But 

 an immense amount of both expense and 



pains has been devoted to its perfection 

 and usefulness, and it is one in which all, 

 both officers and people, take a just pride. 



The museum at Irkutsk is of still longer 

 standing, and is enriched by the accumu- 

 lations of well-nigh a century of intelli- 

 gent exploration and research. The mu- 

 seum building in Irkutsk is also one of the 

 finest in the city. But perhaps the most in- 

 teresting and important museum in Siberia 

 is that of Minusinsk. Here, under the 

 skillful guidance of Mr. M. Martianof, the 

 principal druggist of the town, a museum 

 has grown up which attracts anthropologists 

 from Moscow, Copenhagen and indeed all 

 parts of the world. The museum is well 

 housed in a large brick building. 



Other museums of much importance are 

 to be found at Krasnoyarsk, Yeniseisk, 

 Tomsk, Omsk, Biisk, Tashkent and Tiflis. 

 That of Tashkent is at the present time re- 

 ceiving valuable additions illustrative of the 

 civilization of the Grsco-Bactrian king- 

 dom, which followed the conquest of Alex- 

 ander. The museum at Tiflis is one of the 

 largest and best arranged of all in Asiatic 

 Russia, and is fortunate in still having the 

 benefit of the supervision of the distinguish- 

 ed botanist Radde. 



All these museiims are supported and 

 have been mainly built up by private con- 

 tributors and are the object of much pride 

 on the part of the people. Taken together, 

 they represent an educational factor which 

 is developed much more fully in Asiatic 

 Russia than it is in America, and may well 

 provoke our emulation. 



Climatic Changes in Central Asia traced 

 to their Probable Causes, and discussed 

 with Reference to their Bearing upon the 

 Early Migrations of Mankind: G. Fred- 

 erick Weight. 

 That there have been extensive climatic 



changes in Central and Western Asia in 



