August 15, 1902.] 



SCIENCE. 



275 



These terraces were again seen along all the 

 larger streams of this region, which were 

 visited during the week, and the evidence of 

 the impounding of the waters in all of these 

 valleys, up to the level of 1050 A. T., was 

 found to be very striking and conclusive. 

 (The details concerning these high gravels 

 have been given by Dr. White in several 

 papers.) Thursday morning was devoted to 

 a study of the stratigraphy of Pittsburgh city, 

 where the whole upper portion of the Cone- 

 maugh series from the Crinoidal limestone — 

 which is finely exposed in many portions of 

 the city — to the Pittsburgh coal, the basal 

 member of the Monongahela or Upper pro- 

 ductive measures, is exposed. 



The Pittsburgh coal is mined along the 

 summits of the hills in Pittsburgh and has 

 become the chief source of the city's natural 

 wealth. The high level terraces and gravels 

 were again pointed out. 



In the afternoon the novel experience 

 of witnessing the shooting of an oil 

 well was enjoyed by the party. For this ex- 

 perience the party is indebted to the Mc- 

 Donald Oil Company. Later the Jumbo coal 

 mine in the neighborhood was visited, where, 

 under the guidance of Dr. White and mine 

 foreman Campbell, the mining of the Pitts- 

 burgh coal was inspected. 



On Friday several additional outcrops of 

 the Pittsburgh coal bed in the vicinity of the 

 city were visited, and then a trolley ride to 

 McKeesport enabled the party to visit the 

 old high-level oxbow of the Toughiogheny. 

 The high-level terraces and their gravel de- 

 posits were again the chief subject of study, 

 and in the afternoon a visit to Monument Hill, 

 in Allegheny, an isolated remnant of the 

 ancient river bottom, furnished additional 

 opportunity for the study of these features. 



On Saturday the party left Pittsburgh for a 

 two days' excursion. The first stop was made 

 at Connellsville, where the coking of the 

 Pittsburgh (Connellsville) coal is carried on 

 extensively. Various coke ovens were visited 

 under the guidance of the officials. The entire 

 Conemaugh, Allegheny and Pottsville series 

 were here passed over in a short space, owing 

 to their elevation in the anticlinals flanking 



the Connellsville basin. The Mauch Chunk, 

 Greenbrier and Pocono formations were also 

 seen and the outcrops of the upper Devonian 

 were pointed out. At Uniontown the higher 

 members of the Monongahela, and the lower 

 members of the Dunkard up to the Washington 

 coal were passed through in the deep mine of 

 the H. C. Frick Company, where the Pitts- 

 burgh coal is mined at great depth. Many of 

 the strata above the Pittsburgh coal were also 

 observed in the various outcrops. Sunday was 

 spent in Morgantown, W. Va., and a drive to 

 Cheat Eiver canyon enabled the party to 

 study the continuation of the high-level rock 

 terraces and their washed gravels, which clearly 

 indicated the extent of the great ice-dammed 

 lake which Dr. White has traced out in these 

 valleys. The revived topography of the region 

 and the Cheat canyon across the Chestnut 

 ridge anticlinal gave opportunity for dis- 

 cussion, and as the rain interfered to some 

 extent with the field work, the members of the 

 party were treated to a careful description of 

 the structure and topography of the region by 

 Dr. White, whose intimate familiarity with 

 the region enabled him to speak with authority 

 on the subject. 



Through the exertions of Dr. White the trip 

 to Morgantown and return was made com- 

 plimentary by Superintendent Haas, of the 

 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Pittsburgh. 

 On Saturday the party was entertained in the 

 most liberal manner by the Frick Coke and 

 Coal Company through its manager, Mr. O. 

 W. Kennedy. Everything was done to make 

 the excursion interesting and profitable. At 

 Morgantown all the members of the party were 

 the guests of Dr. White, to whom they were 

 already so deeply indebted for his constant 

 readiness and eagerness to explain the 

 phenomena encountered, and his untiring 

 efi^ort to make the week, what it certainly has 

 been, one of unparalleled success and enjoy- 

 ment. The week's work was most pleasantly 

 wound up by a reception given by Dr. and 

 Mrs. White and the other members of their 

 hospitable family at their beautiful home, 

 ' Cherryhurst.' Here the geologists had the 

 opportunity of meeting many of the promi- 



