SCIENCE 



A WEEKLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE 



OFFICIAL NOTICES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 



FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 



Editoeial Committbk : S. Nkwcomb, Mathematics ; R. S. Woodward, Meohanioa ; E. C. Pickkeing, 

 Astronomy ; T. C. Mbndknhall, Physios ; K. H. Thueston, Engineering ; Iea Ebmskn, Chemistry ; 

 Chaeles D. Walcott, Geology ; W. M. Davis, Physiography ; Heney F. Osboen, Paleon- 

 tology ; W. K. Beooks, C. Haet Meeeiam, Zoology; S. H. Souddee, Entomology ; C. E. 

 Bessey, N. I,. Beitton, Botany ; C. S. Minot, Embryology, Histology ; H. P. Bow- 

 DiTOH, Physiology; J. S. Billings, Hygiene; William H. Welch, Pathol- 

 ogy ; J. McKeen Cattell, Psychology ; J. W. Powell, Anthropology. 



Feidat, September 5, 1902. 



CONTENTS: 



Doctorates Conferred iy American Universi- 

 ties 361 



Recent Progress in Astronomy : Professor J. 

 K. RjEES 366 



American Association for the Advancement of 

 Science : — 



Section I, Economic and Social Science: 

 Frank R. Rltteb 372 



Scientific Books: — 



Paulsen's ' Die deutschen Universitiiten 

 und das Vniversitatsstudium ' : Professor 

 Frank Thilly , 381 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



' So-called Species and Suispecies ' : De. J. 

 A. Allen. President Minot on ' The Prob- 

 lem of Consciousness in its Biological As- 

 pects': Dr. I. Madison Bentley 383 



Shorter Articles: — ■ 



The Salt Marsh Mosquito, Gulex soUicitans 

 Wlk. : Professor John B. Smith. ' Latent 

 Heat ' and the Vapor Engine Cycle : Pro- 

 fessor R. H. Thurston. On Bacubirito, 

 the Great Meteorite of Sinaloa, Mexico: 

 Professor Henry A. Ward 391 



Scientific Notes and News 398 



University and Educational Neics 400 



MSS. intended for publication and books, etc., intended 

 for review should be sent to the responsible editor, Pro- 

 fessor J. McKeen Cattell, Garrison-on-HudBon, N. Y. 



DOCTORATES CONFERRED BY AMERICAN 

 UNIVERSITIES. 



FoK the fifth year we publish statistics 

 in regard to the conferring of the degree 

 of doctor of philosophy by American 

 universities. The figures have been ob- 

 tained from official sources; they are cor- 

 rect and reasonably complete. Twenty- 

 seven institutions are given on the table, 

 and replies have been received from as 

 many more. Several of our best colleges do 

 not give the degree. This appears to be 

 wise, at least so long as universities such 

 as Kansas, Missouri and Tulane have found 

 occasion to grant it but once in five years, 

 and Stanford and Princeton have on the 

 average granted it but twice a year. The 

 figures published, not very promptly, by the 

 Bureau of Education indicate a larger 

 number of doctorates of philosophy, but 

 these must include institutions that have 

 no right to confer this degree, giving it for 

 work done in absentia or perhaps for the 

 payment of a fee. Our record during the 

 past five years shows that the degree has 

 been granted by good institutions to 1,158 

 candidates, or an average of about 230 

 each year. This is a considerable number 

 of well-educated men, but after all rather 

 insignificant when compared with the pop- 

 ulation of the country, or even with the 

 number of teachers employed in our 

 schools. No statistics are available to show 



