Septembke 5, 1902.] 



SCIENCE. 



381 



1899, was permitted to hold a public meet- 

 ing and elect a captain municipal, or mayor. 

 The plan of electing local administrative 

 officials at town meetings was extended 

 during the next few months to Santa Ana, 

 Pandican, San Pedro, Macato, Pasig, Patero, 

 Malabay, Paranque, Los Pinar, Bacoor, 

 Imus, San Felipe Neri and a few others. 

 The success of this experiment led to the 

 installation of similar municipal govern- 

 ments in towns that subsequently passed 

 under American control. 



Owing to the conditions existing, some 

 control over the local governments by army 

 officers was necessaiy, especially in financial 

 matters, but that control was gradually 

 lessened imtil it became little more than 

 advisory. Wliile in some cases the muni- 

 cipal officers elected were in active, though 

 secret, sympathy with the insurgents, many 

 were assassinated because of their loyalty 

 to the United States. 



In 1900 a general order (No. 40) was 

 adopted, applicable to any town in the 

 archipelago, substituting for supervision by 

 local commanding officers the right of ap- 

 peal to the military district commander. 

 It also provided for election by ballot and 

 for limitation of the franchise. That order 

 was subsequently modified by the municipal 

 code, promulgated by the Taf t Commission 

 and is now the municipal organic law of the 

 islands. The code extended the franchise, 

 required expenditure for public schools, 

 restricted the forms of local taxation, and 

 provided for a centralized system of col- 

 lecting the revenues. The early success 

 of liberal and progressive local self-gov- 

 ernment prepared the way for the civil 

 government now auspiciously instituted. 



The following papers were read by title : 



The Progress of Irrigation as disclosed hy 

 the Returns of the Twelfth Census: F. 

 H. Newell, Hydrographer, U. S. Geo- 

 logical Survey, Washington. 



Progress in Insurance Engineering : Ed- 

 ward Atkinson^ Boston. 



The Practical Handling of Woodlands: 

 GiFFOED PiNCHOT, Forcstcr, U. S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, Washington. 



Public Protection of Private Savings: 

 James H. Blodgett, U. S. Department 

 of Agriculture, Washington. 



Local Life hy Local Time, Expressed in 

 Standard Time: Edward S. Warren, 

 Newton, Mass. 



Voluntary Associations Among Cuhan 

 Working People: Victor S. Clark, 

 Washington. 



Social Bacteria and Economic Microbes, 

 Wholesome and Noxious: A Study in 

 Smalls: Edward Atkinson, Boston. 



The Formative Period of a Great City: A 

 Study of Greater New York : William; H. 

 Hale, Brooklyn. 



Frank R. Eutteb. 



Secretary. 



SCIENTIFIC BOOKS. 

 Die deutschen Universitdten und das Universi- 



tdtsstudium. Von Friedrich Paulsen. 



Berlin, Verlag von A. Asher & Co. 1902. 



Pp. xii-|-575. 



Professor Paulsen aims in his new book to 

 give a systematic account of the nature, func- 

 tion, organization and historical development 

 of the German university. Owing to the 

 exalted position which the German university 

 occupies in the world of education, and the 

 universal nature of the problems discussed by 

 Professor Paulsen, his work will be of value 

 not only to his own countrymen, but to per- 

 sons interested in the subject everywhere. It 

 ought to be studied by every man who takes 

 any part in university legislation, whether as 

 president, professor or member of a controlling 

 board, and by every student who desires to get 

 the most out of his university course. It is so 

 rich in valuable information, so full of prac- 

 tical suggestions, that it cannot fail to prove 



