484 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XVI. No. 404. 



tile. We need a fundamental inquiry into 

 explosives as to both energy and stability. 

 All means for the sudden destruction of life 

 in battle should be of the highest efficiency. 

 The engines of war should have the power 

 and suddenness of a Mount Pelee. Es- 

 pecially our navy should be the strongest 

 and most efficient of any in the world. 



Of even pace with this development of 

 destruction should be progress in the art of 

 healing wounds and of preventing disease, 

 since the greatest proficiency in war goes 

 always hand in hand with the highest hu- 

 manity. 



Two of the great problems of a great na- 

 tion are education and taxation. In these 

 lines we want to get out of party and sect 

 and lay deep and broad the foundations 

 of true didactics and just taxation. The 

 tariff should not be a political question and 

 the farmer should not pay more than his 

 share of the taxes, as he does at the present 

 time. In education are included those prob- 

 lems in psychology which you so liTcidly set 

 forth in your paper. 



Intimately associated with the problem 

 of the nation's life is the question of alco- 

 holic beverages. Where could be found a 

 more promising field for investigation than 

 in the discovery of the best way to avoid 

 those awful miseries which the abuse of in- 

 toxicating beverages produces? 



War, healing and avoiding disease, edu- 

 cation, taxation, the unregulated use of 

 alcoholic beverages, seem to me to be fields 

 of research in which the Carnegie Institu- 

 tion might find almost an illimitable source 

 of activity. 



The art of war in its highest development 

 is peace. Healing is health and long life. 

 Education based on truly scientific prin- 

 ciples is power. Taxation which is just 

 and generous is resource. The use of alco- 

 holic beverages properly conditioned is tem- 

 perance. Peace, health, power, resource 



and temperance are the attributes of the 

 ruler among the nations of the world. 



H. W. Wiley. 

 Bureau of Chemistry, 



U. S. Department of Agriculture. 



The side which appeals most strongly 

 to me in connection with the development 

 of the Carnegie Institution is the granting 

 of research scholarships under the direction 

 of existing laboratories. Mr. Carnegie's 

 original intention in his Scottish University 

 endowment was to render a liberal educa- 

 tion possible to every Scot. It seems to 

 me that the many scholarships made pos- 

 sible by Mr. Carnegie would permit of 

 opportunity for research work by a great 

 number of individuals desiring to do 

 such work. The work would be valuable 

 if its supervision were competent. To be 

 a Carnegie research student might become 

 a mark of honor and dignity. I would di- 

 vide the scholarships into two classes : 

 first, those receiving $1,000 a year devoted 

 entirely to research, and second, those of 

 $500 a year where half the day is de- 

 voted to research and the other half to 

 college work. 



The great and almost insuperable diffi- 

 culty in this matter lies in the choice of 

 laboratories to which these scholarships are 

 to be allotted. It is practically impossible 

 to avoid favoritism. The estimated value 

 of work done lies in the current impres- 

 sion even though that may be full of er- 

 ror. 



The scholarships should be allotted to 

 laboratories the heads of which have shown 

 themselves competent to do research work. 

 It is a mistake to compel men, who are 

 presumably competent, to reveal an outline 

 of the subject to be investigated. The 

 greatest discoveries are often accidental ob- 

 servations made by trained minds. The for- 

 mer product of their laboratories, or of 

 their personal work, should be the crite- 



