Septbmbee 26, 1902.] 



SCIENCE. 



495 



3. Weighing. Illustrated by (a) balance scales, 

 (6) spring scales. 



4. Measuring (linear). Illustrated by (o) 

 linear scales, ( 6 ) dividers. 



5. Surveying. Illustrated by (a) compass, 



( b ) theodolite. 



In the sixth group are transportation 

 arts : 



1. Land transportation. Illustrated by (a) 

 burden-bearing devices, (6) sliding vehicles, (c) 

 rolling vehicles, (d) wheeled vehicles. 



2. Water transportation. Illustrated by (a) 

 the vessel, (&) the sail, (c) the propeller, {d) 

 the rudder. 



3. Air transportation. Illustrated by (o) the 

 sail, (6) the balloon, (c) the flying-machine. 



In the seventh group are the arts of war. 

 Illustrated by (a) weapons, (b) armor, 



(c) fortifications. 



. In the eighth group are alimentary arts : 



1. Eating and drinking. Illustrated by uten- 

 sils and appliances. 



2. Use of nicotine and narcotics. Illustrated 

 by utensils and appliances for smoking, chewing, 

 snuffing. 



In the ninth group are costume arts. 

 Illustrated by (a) dress, (6) jewelry, (c) 

 tattooing. 



In the tenth group are diversional arts, 

 a few of which can be illustrated : 



1. Games of skill, ball, etc. 



2. Games of chance, playing cards, etc. 



3. Toys, dolls, etc. 



In addition, other groups may be men- 

 tioned as follows: 



Eleventh, the art of music. Illustrated 

 by musical instruments. 



Tivelfth, religious and other ceremonials. 

 Illustrated by idols, symbols and parapher- 

 nalia. 



Thirteenth, arts of commerce. Illustrated 

 by coins and other forms of money. 



Fourteenth, pathological arts. Illustrated 

 by devices employed in medical practice 

 and surgery. 



These series may, when properly selected 

 and arranged, afford striking and easily 

 understood illustrations of the history of 



culture as recorded in material things. 

 Some of the branches are of primordial 

 origin, covering the whole range of prog- 

 ress, such as building, weaving and adorn- 

 ment arts, while others have arisen in 

 recent times, such as printing, photography, 

 the use of steam, electricity, etc. ; but all 

 alike furnish faithful records of the intel- 

 lectual evolution of humanity. 



The degree of elaboration in any branch 

 of the exhibits must depend on the space 

 available and on the materials at hand. A 

 few specimens may form a most instruc- 

 tive synopsis, emphasizing the great steps 

 of progress; while on the other hand, a 

 single branch may embody extensive series 

 of objects, as well illustrated in the collec- 

 tions of the Pitt-Rivers Museum, Oxford, 

 where every available form of artifact is 

 exhibited, covering not only the full range 

 from lowest to highest, but indicating the 

 forms peculiar to distinct peoples. 



These series of exhibits, arranged to il- 

 lustrate the development of culture in gen- 

 eral, do not relate to any particular people 

 or area, but represent all peoples and all 

 areas. They cannot, therefore, be installed 

 in direct association with the geo-ethnie 

 series, but must occupy a separate space in 

 the museum. 



SPECIAIi CULTURE SERIES. 



Two great classes of culture exhibits 

 have now been described. First, the geo- 

 ethnic series illustrating groups of men and 

 their works assembled by geographical 

 areas, and second, the culture-history series 

 illustrating the achievements of the race 

 in various important branches of activity. 

 Now it happens that there are numerous 

 subjects worthy of museum illustration 

 that cannot be presented in either of these 

 series of exhibits without confusion, and 

 these, therefore, call for independent or 

 isolated installation. It is proposed to 

 group them under the head of special ex- 



