504 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XVI. No. 404. 



(d) 



No. 13. — Human and animal figures com- 

 bined in a miniature totem 

 pole, sculptured in partial re- 

 lief, material black slate, 

 shaped with metal tools. 

 Northwest Coast Indians. 

 Period recent. 178,064 



No. 14. — Human figure, fully relieved, 

 but falling short of the best 

 Central American work. Ma- 

 terial gray, porous lava. 

 Probably shaped with stone 

 tools. Precolumbian peri- 

 od. 61,814 



lustrations covering the same ground and 

 besides furnished additional steps up to the 

 highest achievements of human genius in 

 this art (20 numbers). 



Four kinds of labels are required for the 

 sculpture exhibits as follows : 



(o) Case lahel, about 4 by 16 inches; framed 

 and placed at the top of the case A (Fig. 8) . 



(6) Group label descriptive of the entire ex- 

 hibit; size about S bj' 10 inches; framed and 

 hung at a suitable height within the case (B, 

 Fig. 8). 



(e) Scries label, to be placed at the beginning 

 of each series. Tlie example given pertains to 

 Series 2 of the sculpture exliibit ( 0, Fig. 8 ) . 



(d) Specimen label, briefly describing the speci- 

 men, and placed with it in each instance. The 

 examples given belong to specimens 13 and 14 

 of the American Series (U, Fig. 8) as installed 

 in the National Museum. 



The sctilpture exhibit as installed in 

 the National Museum occupies a space 5 

 feet high, 8 feet 6 inches long and 12 inches 

 deep. It includes about 100 specimens and 

 60 labels. 



The ends to be subserved by the exhibits 

 of a general anthropological museum are 

 mainly those of education, and the aim of 

 the classifieation and arrangement here 



proposed is to so present the collections that 

 the student as well as the ordinary museum 

 visitor may secure the maximum benefit 

 from them. As indicated at length in the 

 preceding pages, the three great ideas cap- 

 able of satisfactory presentation are: (1) 

 the biology of the race— the origin, evolu- 

 tion and present characteristics of physical 

 man; (2) the ethnology of the race — the 

 various groups of people and their culture ; 

 (3) the history of culture— the evolution 

 of arts and industries. To these three 

 series a fourth is added, which consists of 

 various special exhibits, each teaching its 

 individual lesson. The anthropological 

 collections are thiis assembled in four grand 

 divisions separately installed. 



W. H. Holmes. 



U. S. NaTIOJSTAT. JIlTSEUM. 



A BIOLOGICAL FARM FOR THE EXPERI- 

 MEl^TAL INVESTIGATION OF HERED- 

 ITY, VARIATION AND EVOLUTION, 

 AND FOR THE STUDY OF LIFE- 

 HISTORIES, HABITS, IN- 

 STINCTS AND INTEL- 

 LIGENCE.* 



The biological laboratories of to-day, in 

 design, equipment and staff, are almost ex- 

 clusively limited to the study of dead ma- 

 terial. Living organisms may find a place 

 in small aquaria or vivaria, but they are 

 reserved, as a rule, not for study, but for 

 fresh supplies of dead material. It is no 

 disparagement of the laboratory to point 

 out a broad limitation in its ordinary func- 

 tions and the pressing need of new facilities 

 for observation and experiment on living 

 organisms. 



The fundamental problems of heredity, 

 variation, adaptation and evolution cannot 

 be wholly settled in the laboratory. They 

 concern vital processes known only in living 

 organisms— processes which are slow and 



* Read to the Corporation of the Marine Bio- 

 logical Laboratory, at the annual meeting, Au- 

 gust 12, 1902. 



