October 17, 1902.] 



SCIENCE. 



611 



definite sum for a definite purpose ; and 

 the other is that though one may see where 

 work needs to be done, where there is a 

 promising opening, one cannot (I speak 

 again for psychology) guarantee results or 

 even formulate one's program until the in- 

 vestigation is well started. Nevertheless, 

 scientific moneys can hardly be placed in 

 better hands than in those of men whose 

 lives are devoted to science, and who have 

 proved their competence by their own work 

 and by that of their pupils. 



In summary, then, I should advocate : (I. ) 

 increased facilities of scientific publication, 

 and (II.) scientific endowments of three 

 kinds. These are (1) the establishment of a 

 few valuable fellowships; (2) the granting 

 of a living wage for one year to men of 

 promise; and (3) the unhampered gift of 

 sums of money to men of scientific eminence 

 — passed upon, perhaps, by a committee of 

 their peers— on their personal guarantee to 

 do with the gift what it lies in their power 

 to do for the advancement of science. 



E. B. TiTCHENER. 



Cornell Universitt. 



In response to the general invitation and 

 a special request from the editor of 

 Science, it is a pleasure to suggest two or 

 three lines of policy which seem worthy of 

 consideration. 



It may be premised that the suggestions 

 grow out of the express intent of the 

 founder to promote science by affording 

 opportunities for men ; and it may be noted 

 in passing that this intent is so far dis- 

 tinctive as to permit the development of an 

 institution occupying an essentially unique 

 plane : It is the function of the university 

 to mold men according to the image ; it is 

 the function of the official bureau to have 

 ready-molded men mold and apply knowl- 

 edge according to accepted standards; but 

 it would seem to be the Carnegie idea to 

 permit and help men to mold both them- 



selves and knowledge in the light of their 

 own genius as well as in that of current 

 esperience— an idea precisely in line with 

 the course of human development as seen 

 by the anthropologist. In conformity with 

 this idea, it would seem clear that the new 

 establishment should scrupulously avoid 

 fields already occupied by universities and 

 colleges on the one hand, and by federal 

 and state bureaus of scientific character on 

 the other hand; and it would seem to fol- 

 low, as already pointed out by Professor 

 Cattell, that the new institution should 

 dispense with plant and other material 

 encumbrances to the fullest possible extent. 

 The suggestions are made in accordance 

 with this view. 



1. The first suggestion (which is but a 

 repetition of one made by Professor 

 CatteU) is that the purposes of the founder 

 be carried out largely through the creation 

 of fellowships in special lines of research. 

 It may be added that the lines of work 

 should be adapted to the ambitions and 

 capabilities of particular candidates or 

 nominees for fellowship, and that novel 

 lines of inquiry should be tolerated no less 

 kindly than the conventional lines pursued 

 in the purely educational institutions. The 

 fellowships might be either fixed or varia- 

 ble, or might be graded, e. g., at $600, 

 $1,000 and $1,500; but in any event the 

 financial measure should be determined by 

 the primary object of the Institution, i. e., 

 that of giving the man an opportunity of 

 pursuing knowledge. The fellowships 

 might properly continue over two, three or 

 five years, but should not be regarded as 

 permanent. 



2. The second suggestion is that every 

 fellow should be allowed and expected to 

 gain distinctive permanent recognition for 

 excellent work in his special line, in the 

 form of some honorary degree or designa- 

 tion. A single order (which might be styled 

 master) might suffice; while the classes 



