670 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XVI. Nil. 408. 



infected cuts and the control cuts. After a 

 week or more the bark around the infected 

 cuts turned brown and hlack; it gradually 

 dried and became more or less depressed. The 

 branches inoculated with Glceosporium spores 

 from apples showed unmistakable signs of 

 canker formation about four or five weeks 

 after the inoculation. Small black acervuli 

 were noticeable about the edges of the shriveled 

 bark, which were found to be true Glceo- 

 sporium pycnidia. Inoculations were there- 

 upon made with spores from these cankers, 

 into apples, and these showed the characteristic 

 bitter rot disease a week later. 



The branches inoculated with Glceosporium 

 spores from pure cultures (made from cankers 

 taken from orchards) showed the formation of 

 exceedingly striking cankers by the beginning 

 of September. These cankers had numerous 

 pycnidia with mature spores, which, when 

 inoculated into apples, produced the character- 

 istic bitter rot disease with pycnidia. One 

 must add that, with the very large number of 

 inoculations made, not a single control cut or 

 puncture showed any signs of disease. 



The cycle of infections made may be re- 

 capitulated briefly, as follows: 



1. Spores of Glceosporium fruciigenuni from 

 apples affected with the bitter rot disease, 

 inoculated into living apple branches produced 

 an apple canker with Glceosporium fructi- 

 genum spores, and the latter inoculated into 

 healthy apples produced the bitter rot disease. 



2. Pure cultures of Glceosporium fructige- 

 nuvx were obtained from apple cankers in the 

 orchard. The spores from such pure cultures, 

 when inoculated into living apple branches, 

 gave rise to apple cankers with pycnidia and 

 spores of Glceosporium fruciigenum. These 

 spores, inoculated into apples, produced the 

 bitter rot disease. 



It appears from these preliminary studies, 

 that there is a causal relation between apple 

 cankers found in numerous orchards and the 

 bitter rot disease, and that it is very probable 

 that this fungus is capable of living both in 

 the bark and the fruit of the apple. This fact 

 will be an important one in assisting apple 

 growers to combat the disease. 



The details of the cultures and the observa- 



tions, together with illustrations, and a dis- 

 cussion as to the relationship of the various 

 stages of this fungus and its host, are to be 

 published in full before long. 



Herman vox Schrenk, 

 Perley Sp.^ulding. 

 Mississippi Valley Laboeatoky, Veo. Path. 

 AND Phys. Investigations, BrKEAU of Plant 

 Industhy, U. S. Depaetmext of Ageicultuee. 



THE tertiary OF TPIE SABIXE RH-ER. 



The results of Dr. "Veatch's work in the 

 Tertiary deposits along the Sabine River, as 

 published in the ' Report of the Louisiana 

 Geological Survey,' 1902, are of great value in 

 clearing up the stratigraphy of that region and 

 in showing the presence of deposits of Jackson 

 age in the Eocene of Texas, where they had 

 not been recognized with certainty by earlier 

 observers. 



In his correlation of these deposits with 

 the general Texas section, on page 141, he 

 uses Kennedy's table. In this the reference 

 of certain east Texas materials to the Fayette 

 and I'rio beds was made entirely on account 

 of lithological similarity and supposed strat- 

 igraphic equivalency, but subsequent work 

 has shown that they do not belong to those 

 horizons, but to others of much later date. 



In Texas, the area occupied by the outcrop 

 of deposits of Lower Claiborne is so immense 

 that it has been found convenient to break 

 it up into four substages: The Marine, Yegua, 

 Fayette and Frio. These four substages out- 

 crop for more than thirty miles on the Brazos 

 river and for no less than one hundred and 

 thirty miles on the Rio Grande. They are 

 all fossiliferous, and the great number of fos- 

 sils collected from the first three, and deter- 

 mined by Professor Harris, proves their Lower 

 Claiborne age conclusively. Professor Harris 

 also placed the Frio clays in the same stage 

 on the basis of such fossils as we obtained 

 in it, and we so hold it. 



These beds are usually overlain directly by 

 Neocene deposits. 



Loughridge, in his report on Cotton Pro- 

 duction in Texas (Tenth Census Report), 

 gave a brief description of the Miocene beds 

 as then known, and outlined the northern 



