850 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XVI. No. 413. 



any lasting agricultural prosperity. The 

 demands on agriculture increase with each 

 passing year, and science will show the 

 way to make surely productive those areas 

 which are now of little value because of 

 deficient rainfall. Water is the chemical 

 reagent which is most potent in crop pro- 

 duction. The chemist and the physicist, 

 with the help of the engineer, will show 

 the way to its most economical utilization. 

 Chemistry wiU supply the mineral foods 

 which the plant needs. In the early his- 

 tory of a new country we uniformly notice 

 the rapid decrease in the fertility of the 

 virgin soil. This is due to a system of 

 farming little better than robbery. Its 

 basic principle is to take from the soil 

 everything possible and give nothing in re- 

 turn. Necessity finally puts an end to 

 such practices and education provides the 

 means for the inauguration of scientific 

 agriculture. Then the exhausted fertility 

 of the soil begins to return. The fields 

 become more productive and each step in 

 advance is retained and becomes the base 

 for further progress. We may confidently 

 predict that the future years will see 

 abundant food for the increasing millions 

 of population. Life will have less of labor 

 and more of leisure for study and recrea- 

 tion. In all the arts which will help in 

 the amelioration of the conditions of exist- 

 ence, chemistry will enter as an important 

 part. 



The state builds well, therefore, in an 

 endowment of the kind we celebrate to- 

 day. As in astronomy we study the in- 

 finitely great, so in chemistry we investi- 

 gate the infinitely small. We seek the 

 very nature and origin of matter and thus 

 come near to those first combinations of 

 simple cells which condition the vital 

 spark. 



In the early history of the race we find 

 men dedicating fountains, groves and tem- 

 ples to the worship of mythical deities. 



To-day we set apart churches, schools, li- 

 braries and laboratories for the public 



More than a liberal training, more than 

 professional ability and technical skill, are 

 those attributes of the man, which make 

 him a source of help to the family, the 

 community, the municipality and the state. 

 Providence in the family, morality in the 

 community, public spirit in the munici- 

 pality and patriotism in the state are the 

 real purposes of all training. To these 

 ends the educated man must be a bread- 

 winner, of upright conduct, ready to give 

 his services to the city and his life to the 

 republic. He must know how to produce 

 wealth. He must be acquainted with the 

 needs of the community. He must imder- 

 stand the service he is to render to the 

 municipality and have that enlightened 

 patriotism which, while not separating him 

 from a political party, acts first of all for 

 the good of the whole people. The future 

 years will find the leaders of the people 

 among the graduates of the universities, 

 because if the universities are not remiss 

 in their duties, their graduates will be bet- 

 ter fitted for leadership. There is no talis- 

 man in a diploma. Only ability will count. 

 We recognize the important contributions 

 which all branches of learning will make 

 to this equipment of the successful man of 

 the coming years. In dedicating this 

 building to chemical science it has seemed 

 only meet to point out some of the ways 

 in which our science may aid in the work. 

 H. W. Wiley. 

 U. S. Department of Agricitltuee. 



THE HUXLEY LECTURE ON REGENT 



STUDIES OF IMMUNITY WITH SPECIAL 



REFERENCE TO THEIR BEARING 



ON PATHOLOGY. 



II. 



The methods hitherto employed for the 

 study of bacterial poisons have not gener- 



