Dbcbmbee 19, 1902. J 



SCIENCE. 



995 



25.5 per cent, to 32 per cent. tin. — The 



same complex, but containing the Cu^Sn in 



the larger crystals, and the above solid solu- 



■ tion only in the minute eutectic. At 32 per 



cent, the alloy is pure Cu^Sn. 



32 per cent, to 38.5 per cent. tin. — A com- 

 plex of CujSu and Cu.Sn, or of two solid 

 solutions of these substances. At 38.5 per 

 cent, the alloy is pure Cu^Sn. 



38.5 per cent, to 93 per cent. tin. — Large 

 crystalline plates of CUjSn coated with a body 

 that is almost pure CuSn, the whole being 

 immersed in a eutectic of this body and tin. 



93 per cent, to 99 per cent tin. — Large crys- 

 tals of CuSn in a eutectic of this body and 

 tin. 



99 per cent, to 100 per cent. tin. — Large 

 crystals of tin in the same eutectic. 



The whole research presents one of the com- 

 pletest and most valuable studies of alloys 

 which has yet appeared, and throws much 

 light upon the nature of alloys in general. 



THE TRAINING OF TECHNICAL CHEMISTS IN 

 ENGLAND. 



Another interesting report presented to 

 the same meeting was that of a committee, 

 headed by Professor W. H. Perkin, on sta- 

 tistics concerning the training of chemists 

 employed in English chemical industries. 

 Information was received from 502 managers 

 and chemists employed in English chemical 

 industries, and while of course not every 

 chemist so engaged is included it is believed 

 that the list is tolerably complete. Of this 

 number 107, or 21 per cent., are graduates 

 of a university, while 395 have not taken a 

 degree; 111 are fellows or associates of the 

 Institute of Chemistry. It is perhaps worth 

 while to present the following more detailed 

 information from the report: 



Number of graduates of a British university. 59 

 Number of graduates of both a British and a 



foreign iiniversity 16 



Number of graduates of a foreign university . . *32 



roY 



Number of non-graduates trained in a British 



university or university college tl37 



* 13 of whom studied also in a British univer- 

 sity or technical college. 



t 20 of whom studied also in a foreign uni- 

 versity or technical college. 



Number of non-graduates trained in a British 



technical college 165 



Number of non-graduates trained in a foreign 



university or technical college 8 



Number of non-graduates trained in evening 

 classes, analysts' laboratories, or other- 

 wise 85 



395 



These statistics present a certain amount 

 of encouragement in that over 80 per cent, 

 of those reported have had at least some 

 training in university or technical college, 

 but the proportion of graduates is deplorably 

 low. It is also probable that most of those 

 who have escaped enumeration have had little 

 or no university training. On the other hand, 

 the work of the technical colleges is clearly 

 apparent, and this is a hopeful sign for the 

 future. The number who have received 

 training in a foreign institution is surpris- 

 ingly low, only 76 in all. It is probable 

 that the proportion in this country would run 

 higher, and this in spite of the greater diffi- 

 culties connected with an American's study- 

 ing abroad. J. L. H. 



CURRENT NOTES ON PHYSIOGRAPHY. 



northeast LABRADOR. 



Daly's report on ' The Geology of the 

 Northeast Coast of Labrador' (Bull. Mus. 

 Gomp. Zool, Harvard College, XXXVIIL, 

 1902, pp. 205-270, 10 pL, 3 maps) gives the 

 results of a Brown-Harvard expedition in a 

 forty-ton schooner, sailing from St. John's, 

 Newfoundland, June 25, and returning there 

 October 3, 1900. The Torngat mountains, 

 rising to altitudes of 5,000 or 6,000 feet, the 

 highest summits on the Atlantic coast from 

 Hudson strait to Cape Horn, present many 

 sharp ridges and peaks, unmapped and un- 

 named; their upper slopes are cloaked with 

 coarse rocky detritus; their lower slopes show 

 numerous signs of strong glaciation. The 

 fiords by which the bold coast is so greatly 

 indented are associated with all the features 

 characteristic of strong glacial erosion; over- 

 deepened floors and over-steepened walls, with 

 hanging lateral valleys and cirques in adjoin- 

 ing uplands. A cascading stream descended 

 750 feet from one of the hanging valleys into 



