74 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XVII. No. 418 



tic coast westward, including part of the shore of 

 Hudson Bay, to western Alaska, including the Aleutian 

 Islands. 



Esselenian. — Coast of California from Monterey Bay to 

 Santa Lucia Mountain. 



Iroquoian. — The St. Lawrence River region north of Lake 

 Erie, northern Pennsylvania, State of New York, the 

 lower Susquehanna in Pennsylvania and Maryland, 

 north-eastern North Carolina, south-western West Vir- 

 ginia, western North Carolina, and most of Kentucky 

 and Tennessee. 



Kalapooian. — Valley of the Willamette River, Oregon. 



Karankawan. — Texas coast around Matagorda Bay. 



Keresan. — Upper Rio Grande, and on the Jemez and San 

 Jose Rivers, New Mexico. 



Kiowan. — Upper Arkansas and Purgatory Rivers, Colorado. 



Kitunahan. — Cootenay River region, mostly in British Co- 

 lumbia. 



Eoluschan. — North-west coast from 55° to 60° north lati- 

 tude. 



Kulanapan. — Russian River region, and California coast 

 from Bodega Head north to about latitude 39° 30'. 



Kusan. — Coast of middle Oregon, Coos Bay and River, and 

 at mouth of Coquille River, Oregon. 



Lutuamian. — Region of Klamath Lakes and Sprague River, 

 Oregon. 



Mariposan. — Interior of California, east of the Coast Range, 

 and south of Tulare Lake, in a narrow strip to below Tu- 

 lare Lake, north as far as the Fresno River. 



Moquelumnan. — Interior of California, bounded on the 

 north by the Cosumnes River, on the south by the 

 Fresno, on the east by the Sierras, and on the west by 

 the San Joaquin ; an area noi'th of San Francisco and 

 San Pablo Bays as far as Bodega Head and the head 

 waters of Russian River. 



Muskhogean. — The Gulf States from the Savannah River 

 and the Atlantic west to the Mississippi, and from the 

 Gulf to the Tennessee River. 



Natchesan. — On St. Catherine Creek, near the site of the 

 present city of Natches. 



Palaihnihan. — Drainage of Pit River in north-eastern Cali- 

 fornia. 



Piman. — On the Gila River about 160 miles from its mouth, 

 and on the San Pedro, in Arizona, and in Mexico on 

 the Gulf of California. 



Pujunan. — California; east bank of the Sacramento about 

 100 miles from its mouth, north to Pit River, eastward 

 nearly to the borders of the State. 



Quoratean. — Lower Klamath River, Oregon, from Happy 

 Camp to the junction of the Trinity and Salmon River 

 valley. 



Salinan. — Region around the San Antonio and San Miguel 

 missions, California. 



Salishan. — North-western part of Washington, including 

 Puget Sound, eastern Vancouver Island to about mid- 

 way its length ; coast of British Columbia to Bute In 

 let; and the region of Bentinck Arm and Dean Inlet. 



Sastean. — Middle Klamath River, northern California. 



Shahaptian. — Upper Columbia River, and its tributaries 

 in northern Oregon dnd Idaho and southern Washing- 

 ton. 



Shoshonean. — Occupying generally the Great Interior Basin 

 of the United States, as far east as the Plains, and 

 reaching the Pacific in Los Angeles, San Bernardino, 

 and San Diego Counties, California. 



Siouan. — The Dakotas, parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, 

 Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Indian Territory, 

 with isolated colonies in Alabama (Biloxi), the Caroli- 

 nas (Catawba), and borders of Virginia and North Caro- 

 lina (Tutelo). 



Skittagetan. — Queen Charlotte Islands, Forrester Island, 

 and south-eastern part of Prince of Wales Island. 



Takilman. — Oregon coast about the lower Rogue River. 



Tafloari. — Rio Grande and tributary valleys, from about 30° 

 to about 36° 30'. 



Timuquanan. — Florida. 



Tonikan. — Lower Yazoo River, Mississippi. 



Tonka wan. — Western and south-western parts of Texas. 



Uchean. — Lower Savannah River and perhaps the South 

 Carolina coast. 



Waiilatpuan. — Lower Walla Walla River, Oregon, and 

 about Mounts Hood and Jefferson. 



Wakashan. — West coast of Vancouver Island, and north- 

 west tip of Washington. 



Washoan. — Eastern base of the Sierras, south of Reno, 

 Nevada, to the lower end of Carson valley. 



Weitspekan. — Lower Klamath River, Oregon, from the 

 mouth of the Trinity. 



Wishoskan.^ Coast of California from just below the mouth 

 of Eel River to a little north of Mad River. 



Yakonan. — Along the lower Yaquina, Alsea, Siuslaw, and 

 Umpqua Rivers, Oregon. 



Yanan. — Chiefly in the southern part of Shasta County, 

 California. 



Yukian. — Round valley, California, and west to the coast. 



Yuman. — Lower California; the Colorado from its mouth 

 to Cataract Creek, the Gila and tributaries as far east 

 as the Tonto Basin, Arizona. 



Zuriian. — A small area on Zuni River, western New Mexico. 



J. W. Powell. 



NOTES AND NEWS. 



The director of the central dispensary at Bagdad has sent to 

 La Nature a specimen of an edible substance which fell during an 

 abundant showei; in the neighborhood of Merdin and Diarbekir 

 (Turkey in Asia) in August, 1890. The rain which accompanied 

 the substance fell over a surface of about ten kilometres in cir- 

 cumference. The inhabitants collected the " manna," and made 

 it into bread, which is said to have been very good, and to have 

 been easily digested. The specimen sent to La Nature is composed 

 of small spherules, according to Nature of Jan. 15. Yellowisli on 

 the outside, it is white witliin. Botanists wlio have examined it 

 say that it belongs to the family of lichens known as Lecanora 

 esculenta. According to Decaisne, this licherr, which has been 

 found in Algeria, is most frequently met with on the most arid 

 mountains of Tartary, where it lies among pebbles from which it 

 can be distinguished only by experienced observers. It is also 

 found in the desert of the Kirghizes. The traveller Parrot brought 

 to Europe specimens of a quantity which had fallen in several 

 districts of Persia at the beginning of 1828. He was. assured that 

 the ground was covered . with the substance to the height of two 

 decimetres, that animals ate it eagerly, and tliat it was collected 

 by the people. 



— Mr. William Warren supplies some information to Engineer- 

 ing regarding his work in the search for seams of coal in Tonquin, 

 which, as the result of the late wars there, is now part of the 

 French territory. The coal, of which there is an extensive field, 

 will add greatly to the importance of the territorial acquisition to 

 the French in view of its importance as a coaling station, and will 

 afford a further evidence of the varying fortunes of politicians, 

 as M. Ferry, rising from the obloquy into which he fell as a result 

 of the public disapproval of the continuance of the campaign, will 

 now find favor and commendation for foresight. The seams of 



