124 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XVII. No. 421 



inference, but by the direct association of morainic deposits with 

 the lake beds. The volcanic manifestations during and after the 

 existence of the lakes, and the faults occurring in the shore de- 

 posits, add interesting complications to this remarkable region. 



— Professor J. C. Smock, lately appointed chief of the New 

 Jersey Geological Survey, vfhere he some time ago served as 

 assistant under the late director, Professor Cook, has prepared a 

 report on the building-stones of New York, issued in the second 

 volume of the bulletins of the University of the State of New 

 York, where Professor Smock has been engaged as economic geol- 

 ogist of the State Museum for several years past. Reference is 

 made to previous works of the kind, such as Julien's " Report on 

 the Building-Stones of New York" in the Tenth Census, Merrill's 

 "Building and Ornamental Stones in the United States National 

 Museum,'' the author's quarry list in a previous bulletin, and 

 others. The bulletin contains an introductory statement of the 

 classification adopted: namely, crystalline rocks, embracing gran- 

 ites and gneisses, trap rocks, and limestones and marbles; second, 

 fragmental rocks, including sandstones, conglomerates, and slates. 

 The limestones and sandstones are further arranged according to 

 the geological formations from which they are obtained. A 

 hundred pages are then given to a recital of the localities of 

 quarries throughout the State. The uses, tests, and durability of 

 the different kinds of stones occupy as many more pages. Under 

 the first of these headings, we find a list of stones used in the more 



important buildings all over the State. A map is given at the 

 end of the volume, with the names of quarry districts underlined 

 in red. 



— The first geological survey of Ohio was undertaken in 1836, 

 and continued for two years. The work then lapsed until 1869, 

 when it was begun again with greater vigor. Professor Newberry 

 being in charge; and under his direction and thatoif his successor. 

 Professor Edward Orton, numerous reports were issued down to 

 1888. Owing to the reckless and irregular method of distributing 

 these volumes, complete sets are not often found, although 

 editions of 20,000 of certain volumes were printed. In 1889 a 

 third organization of the survey was made, and it is now regarded 

 as a continuous official department of the State. Professor Orton 

 is still in charge. The first annual report under these new con- 

 ditions is just issued. It gives a brief review of the previous sur- 

 veys, from which the above notes are taken; a general sketch of 

 the results of the previous surveys, with corrections of certain 

 earlier statements in the light of recent explorations; and a large 

 amount of material concerning the natural gas and oil, which 

 have attracted so much attention during the past six years. The 

 extraordinary abundance of the natural gas is only equalled by 

 the reckless manner in which it has been wasted. It is already 

 decreasing, and, in Professor Orton's opinion, should be reserved 

 chiefly for domestic uses. An excellent review of the theories 

 accounting for the occurrence of oil and gas is given. This report 



eceived at Editor's Office 

 Feb. 16-21. 



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