236 



SCIENCE 



[Vol. XVII. No. 429 



Zoological Articles contributed to the Encyclopcedia Britannica. 

 By E Ray Lankester, W. J. Sollas, A. A. W. Hubrecht, 

 L. VON Geaff, a. G. Bourne, and W. A. Herdman. New 

 York, Scribner. 4°. $5. 

 The title of tliis volume is misleading, as there is extremely 

 little zoology in the articles contained in it; at least, in the sense 

 in which the term " zoology " is now most commonly used. It is 

 really a series of summaries of the views on the morphology of 

 the groups enumerated, which, at the time of publication, were 

 held by the contributors. The articles, which appeared at inter- 

 vals between 1880 and the end of 1888, following the alphabetic 

 order of the volumes in which they were originally printed, com- 

 prise Hydrozoa, Mollusca, Nemertines, Planarians, Polyzoa, Pro- 

 tozoa, Botifera, sponges, Tunicata. and Vertebrata. The later 

 articles are, of course, those which the subsequent progress of 

 science has least outstripped. Those by Messrs. Herdman, 

 Hubrecht, and Von Graff, since the writers are recognized authori- 

 ties on the topics assigned them, would, in any event, represent a 

 very high standard of opinion. The older articles, especially that 

 on the Protozoa, by no means represent the present state of scien- 

 tific opinion; while that on the Mollusca, as shown in these col- 

 umns at the time of its original publication, was an extremely 

 imperfect production. Over its hazardous speculations time had 

 thrown a kindly mantle, until this reprint recalled them to the 



glimpses of the moon. Even Professor Lankester now admits, in 

 view of the testimony offered by one of his pupils, that naturalists 

 from Cuvier to Fischer were right in separating, and that he was 

 wrong in uniting, the pteropods and cephalopods, something which 

 not over half a dozen persons have ever doubted. 



But it would be unfair to the authors, and to those who might 

 be able to proQt by this volume, to insist too strongly on the de- 

 fects or deficiencies of these papers. It being once understood that 

 the papers are almost exclusively morphological, and represent 

 the opinions of Professor Lankester and the school of which he is 

 the recognized exponent, biologists generally will require no fur- 

 ther guide to the quality of their merits or shortcomings. 



For the lay reader or youthful and inexperienced student, this 

 book is undesirable. Only those thoroughly familiar with the 

 branches to which it refers can get a full measure of proSt out of 

 its mingled science and speculation. To others it must prove con- 

 fusing. But it will be welcome to the library of the morphologist 

 and specialist; useful, through its bibliographies, to those who 

 would refer to previous morphological literature; and, in some 

 instances, may serve as an "awful example" to those whose ten- 

 dency to speculate outruns their knowledge of the subject. 



It is handsomely printed, but the absence of an index is a fault 

 for which, under the circumstances, it seems difficult to ac- 

 count. 



eceived at Editor's Offic 

 April 6-l8. 



AvELiNG, E. An Introduction to the Study of Bot- 



aoy. London, Swan Sonuenschein & Co. 363 p. 



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New York, John Ireland. 22a p. 12°. $1.25. 

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