July 31, 1891.] 



SCIENCE. 



67 



their work in tbe most reckless and wasteful fashion, and are sub- 

 ject to no sort of efficient control. 



The district of Nkandhla comprises the long range of monntain- 

 ous country which forms the watershed between the Urahlatuze 

 and Insuzl rivers. The highest ridge, which attains an altitude 

 of at least 4,500 feet, is called Nomance. The Nkandhla forests 

 are of great extent, and are situated chiefly on the southern slopes 

 of the Nkandhla range. One belt of forest, called the Dukuza, is 

 seTeral miles in length, and takes two hours to traverse on horse- 

 back. Many are of opinion that these forests are finer than those 

 of the Qudeni. They have not suffered at all from the spoilers in 

 the shape of sawyers, but licensed pole-cutting has been going on 

 to some extent on the Nomance ridge. This pole-cutting is very 

 destructive to forests unless the work is carefully supervised by a 

 forest department, and the poles to be cut selected with a view to 

 projjer cultural treatment, which has not been the case. 



The Entunaeni forests are situated on the highlands, which rise 

 to an altitude of 3,800 feet, between the Mhlatuzi and Matikulu 

 rivers. The timber in these forests is inferior to that of the 

 Qudeni and Nkandhla. The Eshowe forests are not very exten- 

 sive ; they grow in patches on sheltered kloofs and hollows, and 

 along water-courses and streams, filling up the valleys. They are 

 most abundant on the eastern and southern slopes of the Eshowe 

 range. They furnish no hard woods of any value. 



Next to the Qudeni and Nkandhla, the Ingoye forest is the finest 

 in Zululand. It is situated along and on the southern slopes of 

 the Ingoye range, which forms tfie watershed between the 

 Mhlatuzana and Mlalazi rivers. It grows at an altitude of from 

 1,000 to 1,500 feet, and is of great length, extending from ten to 

 twelve miles. It is a virgin forest in the sense that it has never 

 been cut into by sawyers, but the work of denudation by the na- 

 tives is very apparent, more so than elsewhere. It is evident from 

 the stumps of trees left, and from patches of wood here and there, 

 that the lower slopes of the Ingoye range were formerly clothed 

 with forests to its base, but gradually by the process of cultivation 

 and wattle cutting the forest line is receding up the mountain. 

 Other patches of forest land are scattered here and there through- 

 out Zululand, but these are the most important forests which caU 

 most urgently for some regulation, lest by the joint action of 

 whites and natives they should be to a great extent deteriorated or 

 even destroyed. 



BOOK-REVIEWS. 



Education and Heredity. By J. M. Guyan. Tr. by W. J. 

 Greenstreet. (Contemporary Science Series.) New York, 

 Scribner. 12°. $1.25. 



The title of this book is misleading, there being nothing in it 

 about the relations of education to hereditary tendencies except a 

 brief passage at the end of the second chapter. A large part of 

 the book is devoted to a presentation of the author's peculiar the- 

 ory of the origin of the moral sentiments, a theory which he evi- 

 dently deemed of great value, but which seems to us about as 

 worthless as a psychological theory well can be. M. Guyan affirms 

 that the mere power of doing right leads us to do right, or, as he 

 expresses it, "to be inwardly aware that one is capable of doing 

 something greater is ipso facto to have the dawning consciousness 

 that it is one's duty to do it " (p. 72). Evidently M. Guyan was 

 not much gifted with the philosophical faculty. When, however, 

 he leaves these discussions about the origin of the moral faculty 

 and turns to his proper subject of education, he says many things 

 that are wise and suggestive, though nothing that is really origi- 

 naL 



His first point is the importance of moral education, on which 

 he dwells at considerable length, maintaining, in opposition to 

 Ribot and others, that precept and example have a powerful in- 

 fluence on the moral nature, modifying in a marked degree the 

 inborn tendencies of the individual. Physical education, too, is 

 dwelt upon at considerable length, the author fearing the effect of 

 over-study upon the young and especially upon girls. When he 

 comes to treat of intellectual education he takes somewhat differ- 

 ent ground from what his scientific proclivities would lead us to 

 expect, putting science in a secondary place, and assigning the 



first to the humanities. " We ought," he says, " to place esthetic 

 before intellectual and scientific instruction, because the beautiful 

 lies nearest to the good, and esthetics, art, literature, and what 

 have been so well called the humanities, are the least indirect in- 

 fluences making for morality " (p. 161). The book as a whole, 

 barring the author's strange theory of the moral sense, is a good 

 one, and will doubtless be interesting to educators. 



AMONG THE PUBLISHERS. 



The Illustrated American for Aug. 1 contains a good portrait 

 of the late Edward Burgess. 



— Charles L. Webster & Co. have now ready Mrs. Alexander 

 Ireland's "Life of Jane Welsh Carlyle." 



— G. P. Putnam's Sons have just ready in the Story of the 

 Nations series " The Story of Portugal," by H. Morse Stevens. 



— The Seegur & Guernsey Co., 7 Bowling Green, New York, 

 will publish at once the " Cyclopaedia of the Manufactures and 

 Products of the United States" in a revised and enlarged form. 



— In Outing for August is an article on " Photographing in the 

 White Mountains," by Ellerslie Wallace, and one on the " Theory 

 and Introduction of Curve Pitching," by O. P. Caylor. 



— Howard Lockwood & Co. have just issued Part 2 of their 

 " American Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking " It extends 

 from Blatt to Chinese Printing, and is, like its predecessor, freely 

 illustrated with technical cuts and with portraits. 



— In its August number the Neiv England Magazine publishes 

 the "Harvard Commencement Essays." The topics are, "The 

 Harvard Senior," by Henry R. Gledhill; " Edward Rowland Sill," 

 by Charles W. Willard; and "A Remedy for American Philis- 

 tinism," by Charles Lewis Slattery. 



— The August Babyhood contains an article on hay-fever by Dr. 

 Samuel Ashhurst, who lays great stress on the importance of 

 counteracting the tendency towards hay-fever in childhood. 

 "Science for Children," in the same number, is an article that 

 contains information as to how to make out-door life at the pres- 

 ent season profitable to both mother and child. 



— In the Atlantic Monthly for August, Olive Thorne Miller, in 

 "Two Little Drummers," treats the yellow-bellied woodpecker 

 (sometimes called the sap-sucker) and the red-headed woodpecker; 

 and Agnes Repplier contributes a paper on " The Oppression of 

 Notes," which will touch a responsive chord in readers who have 

 struggled with foot-notes far too copious and obtrusive. 



— " The Press as a News Gatherer " is the subject of a paper by 

 William Henry Smith, manager of the Associated Press, in the 

 August Century, and is the first of several separate papers on 

 journalism which are to appear in that periodical. Mr. Smith 

 traces the' origin and growth of the Associated Press, and dis- 

 cusses topics of special interest to newspaper editors, as well as to 

 the public. 



— John Wiley & Sons are engaged upon the work of get- 

 ting out Thurston's " Manual of the Steam Engine." The first 

 volume is printed, and wUl soon appear; the second is in press. 

 The work makes two volumes of about 850 pages each, and is in- 

 tended for use by engineers generally, as well as by students in 

 the graduated courses directed by its author in Sibley College at 

 Cornell University, and for other technical schools giving atten- 

 tion to such advanced work. Part I. is devoted to the develop- 

 ment, structure, and theory of the engine; Part II. to the design, 

 construction, and operation, and to the finance of its application. 

 Part II. also includes a chapter on engine-trials, with special at- 

 tention to experimental research and the scientific study of the 

 engine. Messrs. Baudry & Cie of Paris have applied for and re- 

 ceived the contract for publication of a translation into French, to 

 be issued next year. They have already in hand, and well ad- 

 vanced, a translation of Thurston's "Engine and Boiler Trials," 

 published in America and Great Britain by the Wileys, and which 

 has ah-eady passed to a second edition. It is anticipated that the 



