July 31, 1891.] 



SCIENCE. 



69 



gated to the foot of the page, and their place in the text is sup- 

 plied by as adequate a translation as possible. In this way the 

 needs of the average student and those of the person of special 

 erudition are both provided for; the former experiences no inter- 

 ruption, and the latter may read the exact words which Bacon 

 wrote. The same principle is adopted in the notes. Many of the 

 latter are not original with the present editor, but they are such 

 as any one who understands English may read. 



— The American Book Company have just issued " Elements 

 of Civil Government." by Alexander L. Peterman. It is a small 

 book, intended for the use of schools, and as it attempts to deal 

 with the whole subject of American government, federal, State, 

 and municipal, the treatment is necessarily brief and somewhat 

 superficial. The descriptive portions, however, are quite good, 

 and the work is not encumbered, as so many such books are, with 

 a mass of irrelevant historical matter. It opens with an account 

 of government in the family and in the school, which can hardly 



be called civil government, and then proceeds to treat successively 

 of the town, county, city, and State, and of the United States. 

 To our mind this is a wrong method of procedure, the State being 

 the foundation of civil order, and therefore requiring to be treated 

 first; while the towns and counties, being mere agents of the 

 State, should be passed over with slight notice. Mr. Peterman 

 fails, too, as most writers of such treatises do, to give a clear idea 

 of what government is for, and why we are bound to obey it. 

 The work is faulty also in reviving the old fiction of a social con- 

 tract as the basis of civil society ; and in general the theoretical 

 parts of the book are inferior to the descriptive. It will serve, 

 however as an introduction to the subject, which can afterwards 

 be pursued in more philosophical treatises. 



— D. C. Jackson, electrical engineer in charge of the central 

 district of the Edison General Electric Company, with headquar- 

 ters at Chicago, has accepted the chair of electrical engineering in 

 the University of Wisconsin. 



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