December ii, 1891.J 



SCIENCE. 



335 



Amerika," Wien, HoMer, 1891, 8°, illustrated, pp. 48). Hein's 

 object is to trace the causal connection existing between tbe orna- 

 ments of the most primitive nations and tbe products of art in its 

 mot refined and accomplished stage. The ornamenlic display 

 found among the so-called "savages" bas been entirely neglected 

 by tbe esthetic school of ornamentists, and still here it is where 

 we have to look for the origin of this speciality in art. Tbe 

 meander and ibe Cyma are found bigbly developed on South 

 American tissues and other manufactures ; tbe cross is a decoration 

 as well as a mystic symbol in both hemispberes, although in this 

 part of the world it meant the winds, the four points of the com- 

 pass, and tbe raingod. A figure resembling the booked cross, or 

 swastika, is found on South American vases, baskets, and sbell- 

 engravings. Tbe Mexican hieroglyphs for year and time dififer 

 but little from^the s\ astika of India, and, like it, is intended to 

 mark rotation. For its manifold useful bints we recommend 

 Hein's pamphlet to all artists and art historiographers. 



— • The Political Science Quarterly for December opens with an 

 article by Professor A. D. Morse of Amherst Ccllege on "The 

 Democratic Party,"' in its historical origin and its present tasks. 

 Paul L. Ford describes tbe non-intercouise policy of the colonists 

 in l'i74, under " The Association of the First Congress;" Charles 

 B. Spahr, writing of " The Single Tax," combats the practicabil- 

 ity of Mr. George's panacea; Professor F. A. Giddings, discussing 

 " Sociology as a University Study," makes suggestions as to the 

 character of tbe new science; Professor D. G. Ritchie of Oxford 

 contributes valiable material in the " History of the Social Con- 

 tract Tlieory;" M. O.'Jtrogovsbi presents a careful and exhaustive 

 study of •' V.'oman Suffrage in Local Self-Government; " and Dr. 

 Frederic Bancroft, with recent publications as bis text, writes 

 sympathetically of "Lincoln and Seward" and critically of 

 "Their Latest Biographers." Some twenty-five books are noticed 

 in the department of reviews, and Professor William A. Dunning 

 brings bis " Record of Political Events" down to Nov. 1. 



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