﻿358 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



E. tithonus (H. tithonus). — Sometimes called the small 

 meadow-brown; and to some extent this twin-spotted species is 

 a small edition of the last. I should estimate that it is not much 

 more than a third so abundant as its larger congener. The flight 

 is slow, and in its habits it seems to be much more sedentary ; it 

 is also on the wing for a shorter period. During 1888 only a few 

 pairs were seen. In the present season it has been much more 

 abundant. I noticed a batch of about eight individuals sporting 

 about one plant. This also is the only year it has endured to 

 September. Not seen in preliminary stages. 



1888: July 20th— August 27th. 1889: July 8th— August 

 16th. 1890 : July 16th— September 6th. 



E. hyperanthes (H. hyperanthus) . — Nature seems to have 

 availed herself of this species to enforce the rule that in her 

 whole realm there is no monotony, and has, so to speak, turned 

 this butterfly up side down ; and this fact may, or may not, have 

 first suggested the idea to collectors of setting their specimens 

 horizontally to show the under surface. This insect agrees in the 

 main with the two last, but it is not such a plain-loving species, 

 seeming to prefer more shade. I have been curious to notice 

 that it flies deeper in the ditch than any other species, threading 

 its way among the tangled vegetation, and often being seen to 

 settle. Have noticed no variation in the characteristic ringlet- 

 spots. The butterfly, a rather feeble flier, is on the wing but a 

 very short period, and was most abundant in 1890. Unobserved 

 in preliminary stages. 



1888: July 13th— August 10th. 1889: July 6th— 25th. 

 1890 : July 10th— August 5th. 



Ccenonympha pamphilus. — This little butterfly is usually met 

 with on grass-land, and seems to be a ground-lovin^-species. It 

 is never met with in quantity ; singly or a pair is the most I have 

 observed. This may be due to their small size, the tawny colour 

 blending more or less with the drier grasses ; therefore the insect 

 is less conspicuous than the little blue or small copper butterflies. 

 I have watched a pair sporting on a grassy bank only a few yards 

 distant, yet were frequently lost to view' among the herbage. The 

 insect was most abundant in 1889 during June. May occasionally 

 be seen in August, never lingering till September. For some 

 cause I have not seen a specimen in 1890, this being the only 

 absentee ; about the time of its appearance the weather was 

 excessively wet. Unobserved in preliminary stages. 



1888 : June 11th— July 10th. 1889 : June 5th— August 31st. 



Vanessa cardui (Cynthia cardui). — This butterfly appears to 

 be a perfect cosmopolite, and is the most capricious of all, being 

 fairly plentiful one season, and perhaps absent the next. In 1888 

 it was fairly common in the latter part of August and September ; 

 while in 1889 it was most abundant of all, being observable almost 

 daily for a time in August, diminishing rather suddenly at the 



