No. 2.] PROTECTIVE RESEMBLANCES IN SPIDERS 81 



with conical elevations, which render it rough and uneven ; 

 the sides of the abdomen are made up of several layers, which 

 form stages, one above another, like the ridges of bark on a 

 woody excrescence. The legs, formed 

 of wide, flattened plates, make the base. 

 The color of the spider is yellowish- 

 gray, varied with white and dark red- 

 dish-brown. It has the habit of perch- 

 ing on a branch and clasping it like a 

 bird,* so that the elaborate modifica- 

 tion of form, which would be useless if ' pig. 4._Ca;rostr1s mitralls, 

 ,, --IT i-,i ,.iu profile (from Vinson). 



the spider hung exposed m the web, is 

 made as effective as possible. 



To take an example nearer home, E. infumata is a large, 

 round-bodied spider, with two humps on the abdomen, which 

 Emerton describes from New England as being brown, mottled 

 with white and black ; he adds that when it draws iu its feet it 

 looks like a lump of dirt. Infumata, in Wisconsin, has always 

 a good deal of bluish green on the upper surface of the abdo- 

 men. This may be a variety which has been so developed as 

 to resemble the lichens which cover the tree to which it clings. 

 It is one of the spiders which bear a good deal of handling 

 without uncurling its legs, or showing any sign of life. Its 

 humpy form and its color give it a very inanimate appearance. 

 It is rather common in our neighborhood and may be caught 

 in the late twilight while building its we'b, but to search for it 

 in the daytime, even among the trees that it most frequents, is 

 an almost hopeless task. A more grotesque form is E. stellata, in 

 which the abdomen has not two, but twelve or fifteen humps. 

 These are so disposed that the edge of the abdomen, all around, 

 is scalloped. The colors are light and dark brown, modified bj^ 

 gray and white hairs. This spider remains motionless during 

 the daytime, keeping its legs drawn up to its body. It is com- 

 mon on grass and low bushes. It is not found in Wisconsin, 



Vinson, loc. cit., p. Llll. 



