SCIENCE 



A WEEKLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE 



OFFICIAL NOTICES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 



FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE 



Friday, July 5, 1907 

 contents 



Academic Freedom: Peesident Charles W. 

 Eliot 1 



Scientific Books: — 



Recent Literature on Echinoderms: Db. 

 Hubert Lyman Clark. Breed and Hosmer 

 on the Principles and Practise of Survey- 

 ing: Professor H. N. Ogden 12 



Scientific Journals and Articles 18 



Societies and Academies: — 



The New York Section of the American 

 Chemical Society: C. M. Joyce 18 



Discussion and Correspondence: — • 



A Necessary Amendment in the Application 

 of the Law of Priority in Zoological 

 Nomenclature: Professor Thos. H. Mont- 

 gomery, Jr. Another Word on the Vultur 

 Case: Dr. Witmer Stone 19 



Special Articles: — 



' Relation between Birth Rates and Death 

 Rates: Alfred J. Lotka. A New Oenus 

 and Species of Fossil Shark, related to 

 Edestus Leidy: Dr. O. P. Hay. Coon 

 Mountain Crater: F. N. Guild 21 



Current Notes on Meteorology and Climatol- 

 ogy :— 



Monthly Weather Review; Buchan: Pro- 

 fessor E. DeC. Ward 25 



The Russell Sage Institute of Pathology .... 27 

 Summer Field Meeting of the Section of Geol- 

 ogy and Geography of the American Asso- 

 ciati-on 27 



Scientific Notes and News 28 



University and Educational News 31 



MBS. Intended for publication and books, etc.. Intended foi 

 review should be sent to the Editor of Science, Garrison-on- 

 Iludson, Is. Y. 



ACADEMIC FREEDOM'- 

 My subject is academic freedom, a 

 difficult subject, not as yet very well 

 understood in this country, but likely to 

 be of increasing interest and importance 

 throughout the coming century. I have 

 divided my essay into three parts : the first 

 dealing with academic freedom for teach- 

 ers ; the second with academic freedom for 

 students ; and the third with university ad- 

 ministration as a type of free government 

 in general. 



ACADEMIC FREEDOM FOB TEACHERS 



In a democracy, and in the political and 

 social organizations to v/hich democracy 

 takes kindly, there are some new difficul- 

 ties in regard to academic freedom for 

 teachers. The principal new difficulty is 

 the pressure in a democracy of a concen- 

 trated multitudinous public opinion. The 

 great majority of the people in a given 

 community may hold passionately to some 

 dogma in religion, some economic doctrine, 

 or some political or social opinion or prac- 

 tise, and may resent strongly the expression 

 by a public teacher of religious, economic, 

 political, or social views unlike those held 

 by the majority. In parts of our country 

 at this moment liberty of thought and 

 speech on certain topics is, to say the least, 

 imperfect for men who do not coincide with 

 the prevailing opinions and sentiments of 

 the community in which they dwell. Even 

 in colleges and universities in those parts a 

 teacher holding unpopular opinions could, 

 'Address before the Cornell Phi Beta Kappa. 



