80 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXVI. Xo. 655 



On comparing this map ■with other old maps 

 that were gathered by the late A. J. Hill, it 

 becomes apparent not only that there are two 

 " water " routes all the way between Saganaga 

 and Eainy Lakes, but also two water or canoe 

 routes between Eainy Lake and Lake of the 

 Woods. These two routes are shown, in whole 

 or in part, by the following maps: 



1743. Carte de I'Amerique septentrionale 

 pour servir a Vhistoire de la Nouvelle France. 

 Par N. B. IBellinf], Ing. du Roy et Hydrog. 

 de la Marine. On this map, westward from 

 Lake Superior, are three water routes, which, 

 notwithstanding the incorrectness of the map, 

 can be identified as well known hydrographic 

 features. The most northern is that which 

 starts from Thunder Bay, ascending the Kam- 

 anistigouia Eiver, and may be known distinct- 

 ively as the Kamanistigouia route. It is rep- 

 resented as a nearly straight water-course, of 

 which the east end flows east and the west end 

 west. It has three connections with the more 

 southern route, all leading to Rainy Lake, but 

 it continues on westward and joins a stream 

 which is represented to flow into " Lac des 

 Bois " from the north. The next southern 

 route (the international houndary) divides at 

 Saganaga Lake. The northern branch unites 

 with a stream that leads to the northeast corner 

 of Eainy Lake. The southern branch, run- 

 ning along the south side of Hunter's Island, 

 continues to Eainy Lake, joining it from the 

 east. The most southern of the main routes 

 mentioned is that which leaves Lake Superior 

 at its most western point and is evidently 

 meant to be that by way of the St. Louis 

 Eiver. It unites with the international bound- 

 ary route westward from Lake Saganaga, 

 evidently by way of the Vermilion Eiver. 

 Westwaijd from Rainy Lake are two water- 

 courses, one passing northward into the Kam- 

 anistigonia route, and the other westward, by 

 way of Eainy Eiver, and joining Lake of the 

 Woods near its middle, amongst islands, from 

 the east. The southern portion of Lac des 

 Bois, which receives several streams from the 

 south, is very inconsequential. This portion 

 was afterwards known as " Lake of the Sand 

 Hills." 



1755. PaHie de I'Amerique septentrionale 

 qui comprend la Nouvelle France ou le Can- 

 ada. Par le 8r. Robert de Vaugondy, Geog. 

 The only route westward from Saganaga Lake, 

 shovm on this map, runs north of Hunter's 

 Island, the southwestern route, where the ac- 

 tual boundary runs, being discontinued after 

 passing through two lakes. This northern 

 water-course unites with the northwest side of 

 Eainy Lake, apparently by way of the Seine 

 Eiver. The routes westward from Eainy 

 Lake are (a) the Eainy Eiver and (b) a river 

 route which has a curious course, reaching 

 " Lac des Bois " from the northeast, thus en- 

 closing a large island between Eainy Lake 

 and Lake of the Woods. This northern route 

 is simplified in later maps. 



1755. Carte de I'Amerique septentrionale 

 depuis le 28 Degre de latitude jusqu' au 72. 

 Par M. Bellin, Ingenieur de la, marine. By 

 this map there are two water routes westward 

 from Lake Superior. The most northern is 

 that which may be known as the Kamanisti- 

 gouia route, starting from Thunder Bay. The 

 other is the Pigeon Eiver route which is now 

 the international boundary. It is an interest- 

 ing fact that at Saganaga Lake this southern 

 route branches, one branch going to the north 

 of Hunter's Island and joining the Kamanisti- 

 gouia route at a lake some distance east of 

 Eainy Lake, thence the united routes joining 

 Rainy Lake at the east side. The southern 

 branch, which became later the international 

 boundary, joins Rainy Lake from the south- 

 east. Westward from Rainy Lake there is 

 shown but one route, plainly that of the Rainy 

 River, though it is represented to unite with 

 Lake of the Woods in the northern portion 

 of that lake instead of in the southern. 



1762. Canada, Louisiane, Possessions Angl. 

 Par le S. Rohert de Vaugondy, Geog. ord. du 

 Roy, etc. This map shows two through routes 

 to Rainy Lake, of which the northern is that 

 by the Kamanistigouia and enters that lake 

 by the Seine River. The southern divides 

 into two branches, of which the northern starts 

 from Saganaga Lake and unites with the 

 Kamanistigouia route at a lake east of Rainy 

 Lake, and the southern continues through a 



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