July 19, 1907] 



SCIENCE 



81 



series of lakes, now the international bound- 

 ary, to Eainy Lake. There is but one route 

 westward from Rainy Lake to Lake of the 

 Woods, that being by the Eainy Eiver. 



1776 (?). An accurate map of Canada, with 

 the adjacent countries, exhibiting the late seai 

 of war hetween the English and French in 

 those parts. Univ. Mag. J. Hinton, New- 

 gate Street. This English map was certainly 

 made between the dates of the cession of Can- 

 ada to England and the close of the Eevolu- 

 tionary war, although its exact date is not 

 known. It shows two routes of water travel 

 westward from Lake Superior. Of these the 

 northern is that by way of the Kamanistigouia 

 Eiver, passing through " Long Lake " and 

 " Elat Lake." The southern route is by way 

 of the Pigeon Eiver to Lake " Sesakinaga " at 

 its north end, and from that lake northwest- 

 wardly, evidently along the north side of 

 Hunter's Island. 



1775. North America, from the French of 

 Mr. d'Anville, improved with the English sur- 

 veys made since the Peace. London. " Print- 

 ed for Eobert Sayer and J. Bennett, Map and 

 Print sellers, No. 53 Fleet street, as the act 

 directs 10 June 1775." This map shows three 

 routes to Eainy Lake, viz.: (a) The Kaman- 

 istiquoia route, passing through the " Long 

 Lakes " at some distance inland, (h) The in- 

 ternational boundary route, passing through 

 " Long Lakes " near Lake Superior, leading to 

 Saganaga Lake and there dividing, like other 

 maps, one branch going northwest and the 

 other southwest. Of these the northern branch 

 only reaches Eainy Lake, the other apparently 

 being discontinued or blending into (c), the 

 third main route, which follows the St. Louis 

 Eiver northwestwardly, uniting with the chain 

 of lakes of the present international route. 

 Westward from Eainy Lake only the route via 

 Eainy Eiver is shown. 



1780 (?). A chart of the interior part of 

 North America, demonstrating the very great 

 prohahility of an inland navigation from Hud- 

 son's hay to the west coast. The date of this 

 map is uncertain. It is very generalized and 

 its only value in this connection is its naming 

 the " Back Eoad " between Eainy Lake and 



Lake of the Woods. This name is applied to 

 the only water course between those lakes but 

 is a term which afterwards was given only to 

 the more northern route of canoe travel be- 

 tween them. 



1790. A map showing the communication of 

 the lahes and the rivers between Lake Su- 

 perior and Slave Lake in North America. 

 Gentleman's Magazine, 1790. Plate 1. This 

 generalized map is valuable in this connection 

 only because it shows two conspicuous water- 

 courses leading westward from Eainy Lake to 

 Lake of the Woods. Eastward from Eainy 

 Lake the single water route is that which leads 

 to the " grand portage " from Pigeon Eiver 

 to Lake Superior. 



1826. Map of the Missouri and higher parts 

 of the Mississippi, and of the elevated plain 

 where the waters divide, which run eastward 

 into the Eiver St. Lawrence, northeast into 

 Hudson's Bay, north-northwest into the frozen 

 sea and south into the Gulf of Mexico; to 

 which is added Mackenzie's track in 1789. 

 Erom Lake Superior westward is shown but 

 one water route, which is apparently that of 

 the international boundary, consisting of 

 many small lakes and Short streams between 

 them, as far as Eainy Lake. But westward 

 from Eainy Lake are two water routes, one 

 plainly the Eainy Eiver route joining Lake 

 of the Woods from the southeast, and the 

 other running directly from the northwest 

 corner of Eainy Lake northwestwardly to 

 Lake of the Woods, considerably shorter tham 

 the southern route. 



[Note. — This is the map compiled by Gen. 

 Collot to accompany his travels in North Am- 

 erica, 1794-96. It was engraved in 1805 and 

 the book printed, but not published till 1826.] 



1830. United States of America, compiled 

 from, the latest and hest authorities, by John 

 Mellish. The route here represented is that 

 of the international boundary, through Eainy 

 Lake and to the northern end of Lake of the 

 Woods, where the outflow is to Lake Winni- 

 peg. But from the northwest comer of Eainy 

 Lake another water-course is shown, entering 

 Lake of the Woods from the east about mid- 



